Aquatic Plants of Pennsylvania
AQUATIC PLANTS OF PENNSYLVANIA
A Complete Reference Guide
TIMOTHY A. BLOCK AND ANN FOWLER RHOADS
Illustrations by Anna Aniśko
Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS
Philadelphia
Copyright © 2011 University of Pennsylvania Press
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.
Published by
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
A Cataloging-in-Publication record is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-8122-4306-2
Frontispiece: Orontium aquaticum, photo by Roger E. Latham
Contents
Chapter 1. Evolution and Ecology
Evolution and Form of Aquatic Plants
Role of Plants in Aquatic Ecosystems
Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 2. Identification Keys for the Aquatic Plants of Pennsylvania
Key to Thalloid or Tiny Floating Plants
Key to Submergent Leafy-stemmed Plants
Key to Submergent Rosette-forming Plants
Key to Submergent Plants with Finely Divided Leaves
Bulrush
Bur-reed
Cat-tail
Chinese lobelia
Flowering-rush
Goldenclub
Grasses
Water horsetail
Iris
Lizard’s-tail
Mud-plantain
Pickerel-weed
Bayonet rush
Smartweed
Spike-rush
Three-way sedge
Twig-rush
Water-hemp ragweed
Water-horehound
Water-parsnip
Water-plantain
Water-primrose
Water-purslane
Water-willow
Watercress
Chapter 4. Floating-leaf Plants
Floating-heart
American lotus
Water-chestnut
European water-clover
Water-lily
Watershield
Chapter 5. Thalloid and/or Tiny Floating Plants
Aquatic liverworts
Charophyte algae
Duckweed, watermeal, water-flaxseed, and bogmat
Eastern mosquito fern
Riverweed
Chapter 6. Submergent Leafy-stemmed Plants
Aquatic mosses
Hydrilla
Pondweeds
Water star-grass
Waternymph, naiad