JAPAN
-from-
A to Z
We dedicate this book to our daughter
Maya
with the hope that she will share our curiosity
about how people do things, and why
illustrated by Yuko Munakata
YENBOOKS
Osaki Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 Japan
©1995 by YENBOOKS
All rights reserved
LCC Card No. 95-61407
ISBN 978-1-4629-0230-9
First edition, 1995
First reprint, 1997
Printed in Singapore
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the following people for their encouragement and willingness to share their knowledge, but more than anything for their curiosity: Roger Finch, Martin Foulds, Lewis Hargan, Toyotomi Morimoto, Fumiteru Nitta, Kotaro Oizumi, Mizuho Sawada, Yasuo Uchida, David Vardaman, Linda Vardaman, Maya Vardaman, and Mizue Yoshino.
We owe a special word of thanks to our editor David Friedman, who devoted himself to this project as if it were his own. This book would be far less accurate and readable without his incisive comments and sure editorial hand.
Introduction
Have you ever gotten caught short of cash late at night and wondered why japanese banks don't dispense cash twenty-four hours a day? Have you ever been surprised by a Japanese friend's breaking his or her wooden chopsticks at the end of a meal? Has it ever occurred to you that you've never seen a woman sushi chef.
Japan, like any other country, abounds with customs that will appear to many foreigners as quaint, humorous, surprising, or occasionally even troublesome. Above all, non-Japanese—and sometimes even Japanese themselves—may find some aspects of life in Japan incomprehensible. The fact is, though, that Japanese culture and customs have not evolved at random. They all have their origins in the actions and beliefs of people from days gone by, whether in the distant past, or in more recent times.
This book seeks to answer questions that people, from tourists to long-term residents, might have about the country that's given the world karaoke, sushi, and cheap VCRs. For the most part, the topics it discusses are not issues of earth-shattering importance. Rather, they are ones that arise during the course of daily life and/or travel. We chose topics like this by design; our hope was INTRODUCTION to identify and address questions whose answers might not be readily apparent but could become available to anyone who was curious enough simply to ask questions. Where several answers were equally plausible, we have noted that fact, but generally we have chosen the reply that seems best documented and most authoritative on the basis of our own research.
In many cases it's not even the questions that make the items appealing, but the answers. For instance, many people may never even have noticed how hirsute the men on Japanese paper money are, let alone wondered why. But the reason why they do so is actually rather interesting (See the entry on "CURRENCY").
We hope you'll find this book informative and, at the same time, fun. Beyond that, we hope it will encourage you to ask more questions about your surroundings. Perhaps the single greatest life-enriching word is the short and simple "why."
JAPAN
-from-
A to Z
Why is AKIHABARA the center of Tokyo's electrical appliance market?
As a result of the incendiary bombings of World War II, only a narrow strip of buildings was left between the Kanda and Akihabara districts by the time hostilities had ended. This area became a gathering point for black marketeers hawking foodstuffs, clothing, and a few electrical items such as light bulbs, vacuum tubes, and radio parts. The black market was suppressed in 1949, but the radio parts dealers gathered under the train overpass near Akihabara, right by the main train lines, and continued selling items that flowed out of U.S. Army bases. The wholesalers came along with the black-and-white television boom, and Akihabara quickly became the place to buy electrical goods of all kinds.
What are those grinning ANIMALS in front of drinkenes?
The happily mischievous-looking characters in front of many izakaya, or japanese-style taverns, are called tanuki. In japanese folklore, the tanuki, a badger-like animal, has long been considered an amusing and shrewd animal with supernatural powers. Able to transform himself into a beautiful maiden or an old woman in a flash, the tanuki is not to be trusted, but at the same time his whimsical character has endeared him to Japanese for centuries. A large statue of a standing tanuki with an umbrella hat, a large belly, enormous testicles, and a bottle of saké in one hand can often be found in front of an izakaya, perhaps as advertisement of the magical products being sold within.
Why are APPLES always peeled before being eaten?
In the days when a main source of fertilizer was night soil, it was wise not to eat the skin of fruit; but this fact also applies to the agricultural chemicals that are used in contemporary times to produce virtually unblemished fruit.
Why do some cars in Japan have green-and-yellow, ARROW-shaped marks?
These two-toned wakaba māku, or "young leaf," symbols are required by law when a driver is newly licensed. New drivers must affix them to their cars for the first year after receiving their licenses, so that other motorists can make allowances for their lack of driving experience. It is an offense to unnecessarily hassle such drivers, however poor or annoying their driving habits may be. Even if drivers are not newly licensed, there is in fact no penalty for affixing these magnetic symbols to their cars even after the one-year mandatory period if they feel they need special consideration because of their lack of skill at the wheel.
Why don't AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINES operate twenty-four hours a day?
There are three main reasons that banks do not make their ATMs available all night and all day. First, they feel they need time to shut the machines down for maintenance. Next, if the machines were to be up around the clock, it would become necessary to hire security personnel to watch over them. Finally, they simply don't detect a demand for round-the-clock cashing services and feel that extending banking hours would be a money-losing proposition.
Which nation sells the most AUTOMOBILES to Japan?
Figures for 1993 show that Germany is far and away the winner in this category. The top selling imported cars in that year were manufactured by Mercedes Benz (top), BMW (third), Volkswagen (fourth), and Opel (fifth). Second place was held by an American firm—Honda U.S.A.
What are black and red leather BACKPACKS for?
These packs are on prominent display in department stores in February and March, in anticipation of the start of school in April. Called randoseru, from the Dutch word ransel, these bags are for elementary school students to carry their textbooks and stationery in. They are used for school only and are not carried for traveling or going to "cram" schools. The original model was a military knapsack, and randoseru first appeared in 1885 when the students of Gakushuin, a school for the children of the aristocracy, began carrying them to school. They became popular among children of the upper class in Tokyo, then became popular nationwide after World War II. The colors black, for