32 Nalchik. “Nazis’ Atrocities” [Hebrew], Ha-tsofe, no. 1717, August 19, 1943, p. 2 [source: Soviet diplomatic representatives in Washington; testimonies of fourteen Nalchik Jews on the fate of the Jews there]. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1; Nalchik. Testimony of Avgosh Shamilova, January 8, 1998. In Danilova, Iskhod gorskih evreev, 26.
33 Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk. Testimony of Belenkov, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 23. Statement of the doctor K. T. Gavrilova, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/6, p. 25.
34 Essentuki, Kislovodsk. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1. Report of Evenson, YVA: P.21.2/1. Testimony of Sklyar, YVA: 0.3/3934, p. 6.
35 Zheleznovodsk. Statement of Kairov, GARF: 7021/17/6, p. 4.
36 Elista, Kislovodsk, Nalchik. Report of ESC, GARF: 7021/8/26, pp. 10–11. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Kislovodsk, July 5, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/5, pp. 35–36. In Dokumenty obviniaiut. Sbornik materialov o chudovishchnykh zverstvakh Germanskikh vlastei na vremenno-okkupirovannykh Sovetskikh territoriyakh (2nd ed., Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1945), 140–142. Testimony of Shamilova, in Danilova, Iskhod gorskih evreev, 26.
37 Armavir, Essentuki. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Armavir. January 28, 1943, TsAMO RF: 51/958/52, pp. 91–92. Courtesy of USHMM. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Essentuki. July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1.
38 Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk. Statement, July 5, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/5, pp. 35–36. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Pyatigorsk, GARF: 7021/17/3, p. 8.
39 Statement of the Commission of the Town of Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1.
40 Essentuki, Nalchik. Ibid. See also Testimony of Shamilova. In Danilova, Iskhod gorskih evreev, 26.
41 Statement of the Commission of the Town of Pyatigorsk, GARF: 7021/17/3, p. 8. Statement of the Commission of the City of Cherkessk, July 13, 1943, GARF: 702/17/12, pp. 68–69.
42 Nalchik, Tikhoretsk. Testimony of Shamilova. In Danilova, Iskhod gorskih evreev, 26. See also Beliaev and Bondar′, Kuban′ v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny, 464–465.
43 Elista, Mikoyanshakhar, Zheleznovodsk. Report of the ESC, GARF: 7021/8/26, pp. 10–11. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Mikoyanshakhar, June 20, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/10, p. 195. Statement of Kairov, GARF: 7021/17/6, p. 4.
44 Cherkessk (?), Essentuki. Landesgericht München I, Urteil gegen Schlupper, YVA: TR.10/956, p. 63. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1.
45 Commission of the Town of Kislovodsk, June 21, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/5, p. 39. Testimony of Nikeeva, GARF: 7021/17/10, p. 204. To the best of my knowledge, there is no authoritative source on what the ruble was worth compared with major international currencies during the War.
46 Statement, July 5, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/5, pp. 35–36.
47 Essentuki, Kislovodsk. Statement of Professor Vladimir Dik, June 27, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 9. Report of Evenson, YVA: P.21.2/1.
48 Essentuki, Nalchik. Testimony of Belenkov, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 24.
49 Cherkessk, Mikoyanshakhar. Statement of the Commission of Pregradnensky Raion, June 28, 1943. In Stavropol′e, 135. Testimony of Nikeeva, GARF: 7021/17/10, p. 204.
50 Pyatigorsk, Stavropol. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Pyatigorsk, GARF: 7021/17/3, p. 8. Report of Nankin, in Grossman and Erenburg, Chernaia kniga, 272–273.
51 Elista, Essentuki. Statement of D. Babkina, July 20, 1943, GARF: 7021/8/27, p. 91. Testimony of Belenkov, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 26.
52 Essentuki, Novorossiisk. Statement of the Commission of the City of Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1. Questioning of Alekseeva, GARF: 7021/16/11, p. 77. Cf. Alexei Tolstoi, “Korichnevyi durman,” Pravda, August 5, 1943.
53 Krasnodar, Stavropol. NKVD Administration, Intelligence survey no. 21, October 6, 1942. In Beliaev and Bondar′, Kuban′ v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny, 461. Report of Nankin. In Grossman and Erenburg, Chernaia kniga, 272–273. Essentuki, Kislovodsk. Statement of the Commission of the Town Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1. In Dokumenty obviniaiut, 140–142; Statement of the Commission of the Town of Cherkessk, July 13, 1943, GARF: 702/17/12, pp. 68–69; Statement on the Resort Teberda, GARF: 7021/17/7, pp. 4–5.
54 Essentuki, Stavropol. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1. Statement of the Commission of the City of Stavropol, July 11, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/1, pp. 95–96.
55 Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Teberda. Testimony of Sklyar, YVA: 0.3/3934, p. 7. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Pyatigorsk, GARF: 7021/17/3, p. 8. Statement on the Resort Teberda, GARF: 7021/17/7, pp. 4–5.
56 Statement of the Commission of the Town of Essentuki, July 10, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/4, p. 1. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Pyatigorsk, GARF: 7021/17/3, p. 8; Cherkessk. Der Untersuchungsrichter 115 Ks 6a-c/71, Strafsache gegen Schlupper, Vernehmungsniderschrift Schluppers, December 14, 1971, YVA: TR.10/1081, p. 56; Krasnodar. NKVD Administration, Intelligence survey No. 21. In Beliaev and Bondar′, Kuban′ v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny, 461.
57 Cherkessk, Novorossiisk. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Cherkessk, July 13, 1943, GARF: 702/17/12, pp. 68–69. Questioning of Silina, GARF: 7021/16/11, p. 28.
58 Stavropol. Statement, July 14, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/1, pp. 3, 5.
59 Cherkessk, Essentuki. Statement of the Commission of the Town of Cherkessk, July 13, 1943, GARF: 702/17/12, pp. 68–69. Testimony of Belenkov, GARF: 7021/17/4, pp. 25–26.
60 GARF: 7021/116/11a, p. 24.
61 NKVD Administration, Intelligence survey No. 21, October 6, 1942. In Beliaev and Bondar′, Kuban′ v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny, 461. Statement of the Commission of the City of Krasnodar, June 30, 1943, GARF: 7021/16/5, pp. 11–12, 14. Military court of the North Caucasian Front, Krasnodar trial, July 14–17, 1943. In Dokumenty obviniaiut, 104.
62 Statement of the local Commission on the investigation of the Nazi German atrocities, January 21, 1943, TsAMO RF: 51/958/52, p. 85. Courtesy of USHMM.
63 Statement of the Commission of the Town of Mikoyanshakhar, June 20, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/10, p. 195. Statement on the Resort Teberda, July 5, 1943, GARF: 7021/17/7, pp. 4–5. Dokumenty obviniaiut, 163–164.
64 Stavropol. Strafsache gegen Bierkamp, Auswertung der Vernehmungsprotokolle russischer Zeugen von Bl. 1/92-65/40 d. Acte. B. 7–8, Iwan D. ab Okt. 41 bei der Tataren-Komp, Woroschilowsk—K, YVA: TR.10/1147, p. 576.
65 Stavropol. “Those are the First News … What the Nazis Do towards the Jews before their Retreat from Russia,” Davar (Tel Aviv), no. 5366, February 24, 1943 [source: Moscow, special telegram to Davar dated February 22, 1943]. [Hebrew].
66 Kislovodsk, Krasnodar. Testimony of Leina Faina, no date, GARF: 7021/17/206, p. 85. Krasnodar trial. Interrogation of Ivan Paramonov, June 26, 1943, Akademiia Federal′noi Sluzhby Bezopasnosti Rossiskoi Federatsii: H-16708, p. 657. Courtesy of USHMM.
67 On the German Judenpolitik in another Russian area (Pskov district in the North-Western part of Russia), see Johannes Enstad Due, Soviet Russians under Nazi Occupation. Fragile Loyalties in World War II (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 60–87.
68 Mozdok. Testimony of Alexander Guseev, after 1976, YVA: 0.3/6970, pp. 4–5.
69 Statement of the Commission of Stanitsa Novo-Aleksandrovskaya, GARF: 7021/17/11, p. 28.