A TEXT-BOOK
OF THE
HISTORY OF PAINTING
BY
JOHN C. VAN DYKE, L.H.D.
PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY OF ART IN RUTGERS COLLEGE AND AUTHOR OF "ART FOR ART'S SAKE," "THE MEANING OF PICTURES," ETC.
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
91 and 93 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK LONDON, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA
1909
Copyright, 1894, by
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. [vii]
PREFACE.
The object of this series of text-books is to provide concise teachable histories of art for class-room use in schools and colleges. The limited time given to the study of art in the average educational institution has not only dictated the condensed style of the volumes, but has limited their scope of matter to the general features of art history. Archaeological discussions on special subjects
and aesthetic theories have been avoided. The main facts of history as settled by the best authorities are given. If the reader choose to enter into particulars the bibliography cited at the head of each chapter will be found helpful. Illustrations have been introduced as sight-help to the text, and, to avoid repetition, abbreviations have been used wherever practicable. The enumeration of the principal
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extant works of an artist, school, or period, and where they may be found, which follows each chapter, may be serviceable not only as a summary of individual or school achievement, but for reference by travelling students in Europe.
This volume on painting, the first of the series, omits mention of such work in Arabic, Indian, Chinese, and Persian art as may come
properly under the head of Ornament--a[viii] subject proposed for separate treatment hereafter. In treating of individual painters it has been thought best to give a short critical estimate of the man and his rank among the painters of his time rather than the detailed facts of his life. Students who wish accounts of the lives of the painters should use Vasari, Larousse, and the Encyclopaedia Britannica in connection with this text-book.
Acknowledgments are made to the respective publishers of Woltmann and Woermann's History of Painting, and the fine series of
art histories by Perrot and Chipiez, for permission to reproduce some few illustrations from these publications. John C. Van Dyke.
[ix]
TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE
List of Illustrations xi
General Bibliography xv
Introduction xvii
CHAPTER I. Egyptian Painting 1
CHAPTER II.
Chaldaeo-Assyrian, Persian, Phoenician, Cypriote, and Asia Minor Painting 10
CHAPTER III.
Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Painting 21
CHAPTER IV.
Italian Painting--Early Christian and Mediaeval Period, 200-1250 36
CHAPTER V.
Italian Painting--Gothic Period, 1250-1400 47
CHAPTER VI.
Italian Painting--Early Renaissance, 1400-1500 57
CHAPTER VII.
Italian Painting--Early Renaissance, 1400-1500, Continued 73
CHAPTER VIII.
Italian Painting--High Renaissance, 1500-1600 86
CHAPTER IX.
Italian Painting--High Renaissance, 1500-1600, Continued 99
CHAPTER X.
Italian Painting--High Renaissance, 1500-1600, Continued 110
CHAPTER XI.
Italian Painting--The Decadence and Modern Work, 1600-1894 122
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CHAPTER XII.
French Painting--Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries 132
CHAPTER XIII.
French Painting--Nineteenth Century 143
CHAPTER XIV.
French Painting--Nineteenth Century, Continued 156
CHAPTER XV.
Spanish Painting 172
CHAPTER XVI. Flemish Painting 186
CHAPTER XVII.
Dutch Painting 203
CHAPTER XVIII. German Painting 223
CHAPTER XIX.
British Painting 241
CHAPTER XX. American Painting 260
Postscript 276
Index 279 [xi]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. [xii]
Velasquez, Head of AEsop, Madrid Frontispiece
PAGE
1 Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Ti, Saccarah 2
2 Portrait of Queen Taia 4
3 Offerings to the Dead. Wall painting 6
4 Vignette on Papyrus 8
5 Enamelled Brick, Nimroud 11
6 " " Khorsabad 12
7 Wild Ass. Bas-relief 14
8 Lions Frieze, Susa 16
9 Painted Head from Edessa 18
10 Cypriote Vase Decoration 19
11 Attic Grave Painting 23
12 Muse of Cortona 26
13 Odyssey Landscape 29
14 Amphore, Lower Italy 31
15 Ritual Scene, Palatine Wall painting 33
16 Portrait, Fayoum, Graf Collection 35
17 Chamber in Catacombs, with wall decorations 37
18 Catacomb Fresco, S. Cecilia 39
19 Christ as Good Shepherd, Ravenna mosaic 41
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20 Christ and Saints, fresco, S. Generosa 43
21 Ezekiel before the Lord. MS. illumination 45
22 Giotto, Flight into Egypt, Arena Chap. 49
23 Orcagna, Paradise (detail), S. M. Novella 51
24 Lorenzetti, Peace (detail), Sienna 53
25 Fra Angelico, Angel, Uffizi 55
26 Fra Filippo, Madonna, Uffizi 58
27 Botticelli, Coronation of Madonna, Uffizi 60
28 Ghirlandajo, Visitation, Louvre 62
29 Francesca, Duke of Urbino, Uffizi 64
30 Signorelli, The Curse (detail), Orvieto 66
31 Perugino, Madonna, Saints, and Angels, Louvre 68
32 School of Francia, Madonna, Louvre 70
33 Mantegna, Gonzaga Family Group, Mantua 74
34 B. Vivarini, Madonna and Child, Turin 76
35 Giovanni Bellini, Madonna, Venice Acad.78
36 Carpaccio, Presentation (detail), Venice Acad. 80
37 Antonello da Messina, Unknown Man, Louvre 83
38 Fra Bartolommeo, Descent from Cross, Pitti 87
39 Andrea del Sarto, Madonna of St. Francis, Uffizi 89
40 Michael Angelo, Athlete, Sistine Chap., Rome 91
41 Raphael, La Belle Jardiniere, Louvre 93
42 Giulio Romano, Apollo and Muses, Pitti 96
43 Leonardo