6. Tell about the bones of the leg and foot, beginning with the thigh.
FIG. B.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the bones of the palm of the hand.
6, 7, the bones of the thumb.
8, 9, 10, the bones of the first or forefinger.
11, 12, 13, the bones of the second or middle finger.
14, 15, 16, the bones of the third or ring finger.
17, 18, 19, the bones of the fourth or little finger.
FIG. A.
1, 2, 3, 4, the upper row of the bones of the wrist.
5, 6, 7, 8, the lower row of the bones of the wrist.
9, 10, the lower ends of the bones of the forearm.
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, the upper ends of the bones of the palm of the hand.
The bones of the wrist are so firmly fastened together that they are seldom put out of place. The upper row joins with the bones of
the forearm, the lower with those of the palm of the hand.
[17]
QUESTIONS ON THE BONES.
How many bones in the body?--"About two hundred."
Of what use are the bones to the body?--"They make the body strong; they form the framework of the body."
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How many bones in the face?--"Fourteen."
How many bones in the ear?--"Four small bones." How many bones at the root of the tongue?--"One." How many bones in the upper arm?--"One."
How many bones in the forearm?--"Two."
How many bones between the wrist and the knuckles?--"Five." How many bones in the thumb?--"Two."
How many bones in each of the fingers?--"Three." How many bones in the whole hand?--"Nineteen." How many bones in the hand and arm?--"Thirty." How many bones in the thigh?--"One long bone." How many bones in the lower leg?--"Two."
How many bones in the heel?--"Seven."
How many bones in the middle of the foot?--"Five." How many bones in the great toe?--"Two."
How many bones in each of the other toes?--"Three." How many bones in the whole foot?--"Twenty-six." How many bones in the foot and leg?--"Thirty."
How many bones in two arms and two hands?--"Sixty." How many bones in two legs and two feet?--"Sixty."
How many bones in the limbs?--"One hundred and twenty." Where is the kneepan?--"Over the knee joint."
Where is the longest bone of the body?--"In the thigh." Where are the smallest bones of the body?--"In the ear." Point to the collar bones.
Point to the shoulder blades.
How many collar bones have you?--"Two." How many shoulder blades have you?--"Two."
Point to the spine.
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Point to the breastbone. Point to the skull.
[18]
EXERCISE FOR COUNTING THE BONES OF THE HAND. FOR PRIMARY CLASSES.
I.
1. Close both hands.
2. Raise the forefinger of the right hand, as the index or pointing finger.
3. Place the index finger upon the lower thumb joint of the left hand.
4. Draw the index finger down to the wrist, over the bone between the thumb knuckle and the wrist, and count "One."
5. Place the index finger on the knuckle of the first finger.
6. Draw the index finger down to the wrist, over the bone leading from the first finger to the wrist, and count "Two."
7. So on, for each of the three other bones of the hand. Repeat until no mistake is made in touching or counting. II.
1. Raise the thumb, and place the index finger of the right hand on the middle of the upper part of the thumb for bone "Six"; then
2. On the lower part of the thumb for bone "Seven." Repeat from the beginning, until the children can touch and count each bone properly.
III.
1. Keep the thumb erect; raise the first finger of the left hand.
2. Place the index finger on the bone between the tip and the first joint of the first finger for bone "Eight."
3. Between the first and middle joint for bone "Nine."
4. Between the middle and third joint for bone "Ten." Review, from the beginning, until the class can touch and count every bone as directed.
IV.
1. Keep the thumb and forefinger erect; raise the second finger and touch, as in the lesson on the first finger bones, "Eleven,"
"Twelve," and "Thirteen." Review. [19]
2. Proceed in the same manner for the third and fourth fingers, always beginning with the bone nearest the tip of the finger, and
touching that at the lowest part last.
If the exercise has been properly performed, every child will say "Nineteen" as its index finger touches the lowest bone of the little finger, and all the fingers of every left hand will be outspread.
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THE BONES
OF THE HEAD: Skull 8
Face, including the lower jaw 14
Tongue 1
Ears 8
----
31
OF THE TRUNK: Spine 24
Ribs 24
Breastbone 8
Shoulder blades 2
Collar bones 2
----
60
OF THE UPPER LIMBS: Upper arms 1 x 2 = 2
Forearms 2 x 2 = 4
Wrists 8 x 2 = 16
Hands 19 x 2 = 38
----
60
OF THE LOWER LIMBS: Thighs 1 x 2 = 2
Kneepans 1 x 2 = 2
Lower legs 2 x 2 = 4
Feet 26 x 2 = 52
----
60
Total, 211, not including the teeth.[1]
We teach the children to say "about two hundred," because there is not always the same number of bones in the body. In some parts two or three bones unite and form one bone. For example: the breastbone of a child is made up of eight pieces; some of these unite as it becomes older, so that when fully grown it has but three pieces in this bone.
[1] The teeth are not bone, but a kind of soft, bone-like substance, called dentine. Common ivory is dentine.
[20]
PART IV.
FORMULAS FOR THE LESSONS ON THE ORGANS OF SENSE.
1. The Eyes.--My eyes are to see with.
My eye is like a ball in a deep, bony socket. The black circle in the centre is the pupil or window of my eye; the colored ring is the iris or curtain; the white part is the eyeball.
My upper and lower eyelids cover and protect my eyes.
My eyebrows are for beauty, and keep the perspiration from rolling into my eyes. My eyes are washed by teardrops every time I wink my eyelids.
2. The Ears.--My ears are to hear with:
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the rim of my ear, the flap of my ear, the drum of my ear.
The drum of my ear is