than all the causes and restrictions put together, which law-makers are forced to multiply:--Forced, I say, as things stand; human laws not being a matter of original choice, but of pure necessity, brought in to fence against the mischievous effects of those consciences which are no law unto themselves; well intending, by the many provisions made,--that in all such corrupt and misguided cases,
where principles and the checks of conscience will not make us upright,--to supply their force, and, by the terrors of gaols and
halters, oblige us to it.'
(I see plainly, said my father, that this sermon has been composed to be preached at the Temple,--or at some Assize.--I like the reasoning,--and am sorry that Dr. Slop has fallen asleep before the time of his conviction:--for it is now clear, that the Parson, as I thought at first, never insulted St. Paul in the least;--nor has there been, brother, the least difference between them.--A great matter, if they had differed, replied my uncle Toby,--the best friends in the world may differ sometimes.--True,--brother Toby quoth my father, shaking hands with him,--we'll fill our pipes, brother, and then Trim shall go on.
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Well,--what dost thou think of it? said my father, speaking to Corporal Trim, as he reached his tobacco-box.
I think, answered the Corporal, that the seven watch-men upon the tower, who, I suppose, are all centinels there,--are more, an' please your Honour, than were necessary;--and, to go on at that rate, would harrass a regiment all to pieces, which a commanding officer, who loves his men, will never do, if he can help it, because two centinels, added the Corporal, are as good as twenty.--I have been a commanding officer myself in the Corps de Garde a hundred times, continued Trim, rising an inch higher in his figure, as he spoke,--and all the time I had the honour to serve his Majesty King William, in relieving the most considerable posts, I never left more than two in my life.--Very right, Trim, quoth my uncle Toby,--but you do not consider, Trim, that the towers, in Solomon's days, were not such things as our bastions, flanked and defended by other works;--this, Trim, was an invention since Solomon's death; nor had they hornworks, or ravelins before the curtin, in his time;--or such a fosse as we make with a cuvette in the middle of it, and with covered ways and counterscarps pallisadoed along it, to guard against a Coup de main:--So that the seven men upon the tower were a party, I dare say, from the Corps de Garde, set there, not only to look out, but to defend it.--They could be no more, an' please your Honour, than a Corporal's Guard.--My father smiled inwardly, but not outwardly--the subject being rather
too serious, considering what had happened, to make a jest of.--So putting his pipe into his mouth, which he had just lighted,--he contented himself with ordering Trim to read on. He read on as follows:
'To have the fear of God before our eyes, and, in our mutual dealings with each other, to govern our actions by the eternal measures of right and wrong:--The first of these will comprehend the duties of religion;--the second, those of morality, which are so inseparably connected together, that you cannot divide these two tables, even in imagination, (tho' the attempt is often made in practice) without breaking and mutually destroying them both.
I said the attempt is often made; and so it is;--there being nothing more common than to see a man who has no sense at all of religion, and indeed has so much honesty as to pretend to none, who would take it as the bitterest affront, should you but hint at a suspicion of his moral character,--or imagine he was not conscientiously just and scrupulous to the uttermost mite.
'When there is some appearance that it is so,--tho' one is unwilling even to suspect the appearance of so amiable a virtue as moral honesty, yet were we to look into the grounds of it, in the present case, I am persuaded we should find little reason to envy such a one the honour of his motive.
'Let him declaim as pompously as he chooses upon the subject, it will be found to rest upon no better foundation than either his interest, his pride, his ease, or some such little and changeable passion as will give us but small dependence upon his actions in matters of great distress.
'I will illustrate this by an example.
'I know the banker I deal with, or the physician I usually call in,'--(There is no need, cried Dr. Slop, (waking) to call in any physician in this case)--'to be neither of them men of much religion: I hear them make a jest of it every day, and treat all its sanctions with so much scorn, as to put the matter past doubt. Well;--notwithstanding this, I put my fortune into the hands of the one:--and what is dearer still to me, I trust my life to the honest skill of the other.
'Now let me examine what is my reason for this great confidence. Why, in the first place, I believe there is no probability that either of them will employ the power I put into their hands to my disadvantage;--I consider that honesty serves the purposes of this life:--I know their success in the world depends upon the fairness of their characters.--In a word, I'm persuaded that they cannot hurt me without hurting themselves more.
'But put it otherwise, namely, that interest lay, for once, on the other side; that a case should happen, wherein the one, without stain to his reputation, could secrete my fortune, and leave me naked in the world;--or that the other could send me out of it, and enjoy an estate by my death, without dishonour to himself or his art:--In this case, what hold have I of either of them?--Religion, the strongest of all motives, is out of the question;--Interest, the next most powerful motive in the world, is strongly against me:-- What have I left to cast into the opposite scale to balance this temptation?--Alas! I have nothing,--nothing but what is lighter than a bubble--I must lie at the mercy of Honour, or some such capricious principle--Strait security for two of the most valuable bless-ings!--my property and myself.
'As, therefore, we can have no dependence upon morality without religion;--so, on the other hand, there is nothing better to be expected from religion without morality; nevertheless, 'tis no prodigy to see a man whose real moral character stands very low, who yet entertains the highest notion of himself in the light of a religious man.
'He shall not only be covetous, revengeful, implacable,--but even wanting in points of common honesty; yet inasmuch as he talks
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aloud against the infidelity of the age,--is zealous for some points of religion,--goes twice a day to church,--attends the sacraments,--and amuses himself with a few instrumental parts of religion,--shall cheat his conscience into a judgment, that, for this, he is a religious man, and has discharged truly his duty to God: And you will find that such a man, through force of this delusion,
generally looks down with spiritual pride upon every other man who has less affectation of piety,--though, perhaps, ten times more
real honesty than himself.
'This likewise is a sore evil under the sun; and I believe, there is no one mistaken principle, which, for its time, has wrought more serious mischiefs.--For a general proof of this,--examine the history of the Romish church;'--(Well what can you make of that? cried Dr. Slop)--'see what scenes of cruelty, murder, rapine, bloodshed,'--(They may thank their own obstinacy, cried Dr. Slop)-- have all been sanctified by a religion not strictly governed by morality.
'In how many kingdoms of the world'--(Here Trim kept waving his right-hand from the sermon to the extent of his arm, returning it backwards and forwards to the conclusion of the paragraph.)
'In how many kingdoms of the world has the crusading sword of this misguided saint-errant, spared neither age or merit, or sex, or condition?--and, as he fought under the banners of a religion which set him loose from justice and humanity, he shewed none; mercilessly trampled upon both,--heard neither the cries of the unfortunate, nor pitied their distresses.'
(I have been in many a battle, an' please your Honour, quoth Trim, sighing, but never in so melancholy a one as this,--I would not have drawn a tricker in it against these poor souls,--to have been made a general officer.--Why? what do you understand of the affair? said Dr. Slop, looking towards Trim, with something more of contempt than the Corporal's honest heart deserved.--What do you know, friend, about this battle you talk of ?--I know, replied Trim, that I never refused quarter in my life to any man who cried out for it;--but to a woman or a child, continued Trim,