Planters, Paupers,
and Pioneers
ALSO BY LUCILLE H. CAMPEY
An Unstoppable Force: The Scottish Exodus to Canada
“A Very Fine Class of Immigrants”: Prince Edward Island’s Scottish Pioneers, 1770–1850
“Fast Sailing and Copper-Bottomed”: Aberdeen Sailing Ships and the Emigrant Scots They Carried to Canada, 1774–1855
The Silver Chief: Lord Selkirk and the Scottish Pioneers of Belfast, Baldoon, and Red River
After the Hector: The Scottish Pioneers of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, 1773–1852
The Scottish Pioneers of Upper Canada, 1784–1855: Glengarry and Beyond
Les Écossais: The Scottish Pioneers of Lower Canada, 1763–1855
With Axe and Bible: The Scottish Pioneers of New Brunswick, 1784–1874
THE ENGLISH IN CANADA
Planters, Paupers,
and Pioneers
English Settlers in Atlantic Canada
Lucille H. Campey
A NATURAL HERITAGE BOOK
A MEMBER OF THE DUNDURN GROUP
TORONTO
Copyright © Lucille H. Campey, 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise (except for brief passages for purposes of review) without the prior permission of Dundurn Press. Permission to photocopy should be requested from Access Copyright.
Published by Natural Heritage Books
A Member of The Dundurn Group
Editor: Jane Gibson
Copy Editor: Allison Hirst
Design: Jennifer Scott
Printer: Transcontinental
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Campey, Lucille H.
Planters, paupers, and pioneers : English settlers in Atlantic Canada / by Lucille H. Campey.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued also in electronic format.
ISBN 978-1-55488-748-4
1. English--Atlantic Provinces--History. 2. Colonists--Atlantic Provinces--History. 3. United Empire loyalists-Atlantic Provinces--History. 4. Atlantic Provinces--Emigration and immigration--History. 5. England--Emigration and immigration-- History. 6. Ships--Atlantic Provinces--Passenger lists. 7. Atlantic Provinces--Genealogy. I. Title.
FC2050.B7C34 2010 971.5004’21 C2010-902312-9
1 2 3 4 5 14 13 12 11 10
We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund and The Association for the Export of Canadian Books, and the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishers Tax Credit program, and the Ontario Media Development Corporation.
Care has been taken to trace the ownership of copyright material used in this book. The author and the publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any references or credits in subsequent editions.
J. Kirk Howard, President
Printed and bound in Canada.
Front cover image: Pownal Wharf, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, in 1849, watercolour by George Hubbard. The red ship’s hull is the remains of the Castalia, built in 1835 by James Ellis Peake at his Charlottetown shipyard. Following her demise in a storm in 1838, Peake converted the hull into an office and rigging loft. It was affectionately known as “Peake’s Ark.” Peake’s house is the brick building to the left of the “ark.” It still stands today. Courtesy of the Prince Edward Island Museum and Heritage Foundation.
Back cover image: Settler’s cabin between Halifax and Windsor as seen from a train in June 1867, a watercolour-overpencil by Juliana Horatia Ewing. Courtesy of Yorkshire Libraries and Information, Wakefield, Ewing Gatty Collection.
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CONTENTS
Chapter 2 Laying the Foundations: Yorkshire Emigration
Chapter 3 The Loyalists Who Followed
Chapter 4 Nova Scotia’s English Settlers: Two Types of English