Just Trade. Berta Esperanza Hernández-Truyol

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      Just Trade

      Just Trade

       A New Covenant Linking Trade and Human Rights

      Berta Esperanza Hernández-Truyol and Stephen J. Powell

      NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS

      New York and London

      www.nyupress.org

      © 2009 by New York University

      All rights reserved

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Hernández-Truyol, Berta Esperanza.

      Just trade : a new covenant linking trade and human rights /

      Berta Esperanza Hernández-Truyol and Stephen J. Powell.

      p. cm.

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN–13: 978–0–8147–3693–7 (cl : alk. paper)

      ISBN–10: 0–8147–3693–9 (cl : alk. paper)

      1. Human rights—Economic aspects. 2. Foreign trade regulation—

      Political aspects. 3. International trade—Social aspects. I. Powell,

      Stephen J., 1942– II. Title.

      K3240.H43 2008

      341.4’8—dc22 2008031667

      New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. We strive to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the greatest extent possible in publishing our books.

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

       To Vivian and Nikolai in the hope that they may enjoy a better world. —BEHT

       To my grandfather, “Pop,” whose strength and resourcefulness in starting a family in a new country humbles me still. —SJP

      Contents

       Acknowledgments

       Acronyms

       Getting Started: A General Introduction

       Nature of the Intersections

       Human Rights Criticism of Trade Rules

       Origin of This Volume

      1 Global Concepts: International Law Primer

       1.1 Overview

       1.2 International Law and International Law-Making: General Concepts

       1.3 International Law-Making: Specific Provisions

       1.4 International Law as U.S. Law

      2 Pillars and Escape Hatches: Basic Concepts of International Trade Law in the Americas

       2.1 Overview of the GATT and WTO

       2.2 Economic Underpinnings: Comparative Advantage

       2.3 Four Pillars of GATT

       2.4 Exceptions to the Pillars

       2.5 WTO Dispute Settlement

       2.6 Trade in the Americas

      3 Global Laws, Local Lives: Basic Concepts and Legal Regimes of Human Rights Law in the Americas

       3.1 Introduction

       3.2 Theoretical Underpinnings of Human Rights Law

       3.3 Origins of International Human Rights Law: General Concepts

       3.4 Modern Human Rights Developments

       3.5 Classification of Specific Human Rights

       3.6 Human Rights and Trade

      4 Splendid Isolation’s Progeny: The Intersections of Trade and Human Rights

       4.1 Central Dilemma: Lack of Purposeful Correlation