The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
The Real Story and Beyond
Fred D. Gray
NewSouth Books
Montgomery
Also by Fred D. Gray
Bus Ride to Justice: Changing the System by the System, the Life and Works of Fred Gray
NewSouth Books
105 S. Court Street
Montgomery, AL 36104
Copyright 1998, 2013 by Fred D. Gray. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by NewSouth Books, an imprint of NewSouth, Inc., Montgomery, Alabama.
ISBN: 978-1-60306-309-8
eBook ISBN: 978-1-60306-091-2
Visit www.newsouthbooks.com
To Bernice (1934–1997)
Without her encouragement and assistance, I would never have written this book.
To the seven living survivors of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Charles Pollard Herman Shaw Carter Howard Fred Simmons Ernest Hendon George Key and Frederick Moss.
And to the memory of the 616 deceased participants of the Study.
Contents
Listing of Study Participants, 1932–1972
7 - An Abrupt End to the Study
Appendix A:
Documents Relating to the Study, 1932–1972
Introduction to the Tuskegee Study
Appendix B:
Documents and Statements Relating to the April 8, 1997, Press Conference
Statement of Mr. Herman Shaw, April 8, 1997
Question and Answer Period, April 8, 1997
Appendix C:
Statements and Documents Relating to the Apology
Vice President Al Gore, May 16, 1997
Dr. David Satcher, May 16, 1997
President Bill Clinton, May 16, 1997
Fred D. Gray, May 16, 1997, Statement at Post-Apology Press Conference
Fred Gray Letter to Clinton, May 21, 1997
Listing of Study Participants, 1932–1972
Adair, Green
Adams, Courtney
Adams, James
Adams, Louis
Albert, Prince
Alexander, Ben
Alexander, Joe
Alexander, Marion
Allen, Jefferson
Allen, Sam
Allen, Selden
Anderson, George
Anderson, George T.
Anthony, Will
Askew, Sebon
Austin, Alfred
Austin, Dean
Austin, George
Austin, Hyth
Austin, Nelson
Austin, Wiley
Baker, George
Banks, Early
Banks, Jack
Barrow, David
Barrow, Seth
Battle, Enoch
Battle, Lee
Beasley, Robert
Beasley, Nathaniel
Berry, John
Berry, Leornie
Bessick, Edward
Bessick, Ernest
Black, Ishman
Black, Jim
Black, Tommie Lee
Black, Wiley
Blackburn, Will
Blackman, Prismus
Bledsoe, Pustell