One out of every 11 Americans who has taken part in the cross-Channel invasion is dead, missing or wounded. There are 6,000 American casualties (of whom 700 are airborne troops): more than half the total Allied casualties on the day. By the end of July the Americans are the majority Allied force in France with 980,000 troops compared with 660,000 British. By VE-Day three million US troops are fighting on the continent.
As night falls on D-Day all five beachheads are established and 150,000 Allied troops are on French soil along a 50-mile front. 55,000 American and 75,215 British and Canadian troops come ashore during D-Day. In the first six days over 300,000 men, 54,000 vehicles, and 104,000 tons of stores are unloaded.
Para of the 101st Airborne Division at the doorway of a C-47 carrying a rifle and M1A1 bazooka.
Edward J. Toth
2 Screaming Eagles and the All Americans
Bernard M. Job, RAFVR
Flying Officer, Mosquito navigator, 418 Squadron, RAF Holmsley South near Bournemouth.
‘Six aircrews were detailed to act as “Flak bait” to cover the paratroop and glider drops in the Cherbourg Peninsula, by drawing searchlights and flak away from these more vulnerable aircraft. So successful was this that two of the six were hit, one so badly that it crash-landed near base and burnt up. The crew ran!’
US 8th Air force base, Bassingbourne, Cambridgeshire in May 1943 during the visit of HM King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Behind the royal entourage is a Horsa glider, one of hundreds waiting on airfields throughout UK. On the eve of D-Day many Horsas were used by American paratroopers.
Extract from ‘Currahee!’ by Donald Burgett, 19
506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Screaming Eagles Division. ‘Currahee!’ was the only World War II book to be endorsed by General Eisenhower, who called it a ‘fascinating tale of personal combat’.
‘Inside the other planes I could see the glowing red tips of cigarettes as men puffed away. It was weirdly beautiful, lots of sparks and tracer shells. But I knew that between every tracer shell are four armour-piercing bullets. “Let’s go,” shouted Lt. Muir and we began moving in what seemed slow motion towards the open doorway as the green “go” light spread a glow across our faces. (In the hours before D-Day we were given our objectives – capture the bridges over the rivers and canals around Carentan and secure the exits from Utah Beach – and told to burn personal possessions like letters from home. There were bonfires across the camp. When the ashes could be raked out we used them to blacken our faces for the drops. We looked like racoons. Several of the guys broke into the Al Jolson ‘Mammy’ song which helped relieve the tension. Singing might have lightened the emotional burdens, but not the physical ones. If mules were the slave carriers of WWI then the paratrooper of WWII was its two-legged equivalent. Our equipment must have weighed over 100 lb.) It seemed like forever but in fractions of seconds I was at the door and tumbling into space. Tracers were coming up towards me. As I checked the canopy above I hit the ground backwards so hard that I was stunned, unable to move.
C-47 The Black Sparrow, in 302nd TCS, 441st Troop Carrier Group markings it wore on D-Day when the 441st carried paratroops of the 101st Airborne Division to the Cherbourg area and next day towed 50 CG-4 gliders carrying reinforcements for the 82nd Airborne division.
His aircraft had strayed off course and dropped them nine miles away near Ravenoville. In the light rain of that early morning he crawled on his belly across a field to a thicket . . . only to hear rustling. I thought it was the enemy and I raised my rifle. Sweat was pouring off me. I knew I was about to kill a human being and it was a terrible thought. Suddenly this guy began crawling towards me. As my finger tightened on the trigger I recognized him as a pal called Hundly. His throat was so dry with fear he couldn’t even speak!’
After surviving machine-gun strafes across the field from a gun hidden in a hedgerow, Don linked up with several other survivors to begin the march on Ravenoville. ‘There were about 200 Germans down one end of town and only 20 of us. They began hand-grenading civilian houses. I got a bead on one of them and squeezed. There was a slight vapour that came from his body. He buckled and went down. It was done and it didn’t worry me. Another came around the corner. I aimed and shot him in the chest. He fell too. But they killed four of our guys from a heavy machine-gun burst from a window in a house. The guys lay there in the front garden.
‘The next day we began to march on our objectives but were halted by heavy German machine guns placed outside of town. Several times we tried to break through but were driven back. We decided to march the German prisoners on to the guns, figuring they wouldn’t cut down their own. They did. As the Germans screamed, “Nicht schiessen, Nicht schiessen”, they were cut down. Then they made a break for it and we shot them down from the back. None survived.
‘On the road to Carentan a Sherman tank used its tracks to run over three Germans in a fortified trench. Their screams could be heard above the engine’s whine. Then we came into conflict with an SS battalion and mounted Cossacks [Anti-Stalin horseman who had deserted Stalin to fight for Hitler]. On the outskirts of the town of St Côme du Mont there was another vicious firefight in which the Germans were beaten back before launching an even more ferocious counter-attack. The roads, fields, ditches were littered with the dead. I nearly got it from a German except a medic with a long-barrelled cowboy revolver got him first. I shot a blond-haired German crawling to a farmhouse to get more mortar shells to lob on to us. I saw his blond hair and it agitated me. Then the whole thing became clear to me: I wanted his scalp. I started crawling towards him. The prize was nearly within my reach when rifle fire opened up and I was forced to dive behind a hedgerow. Twice more I tried to reach him but each time I was driven back by stubborn squareheads. I decided to forget the whole thing. Finally a tank, one of ours, came by and raked the hedgerows with cannon and machine-gun fire. When he was out of ammo he said he would be back for more. He took off down the road to make better time instead of crossing the fields. It was a mistake. A German 88 opened up and the tank started to burn. The crew were all killed, the commander burning alive in the turret. We called up artillery and those Germans were wasted in a rain of high explosive.
Douglas C-47 transport aircraft Iron Ass of the 75st Squadron, 435th Troop Carrier Group, 9th Air Force.
Jack Krause
‘The next day we were on the outskirts of Carentan and I was told to go back to regimental HQ with vital information on German positions that they didn’t trust being radioed. I had to go back through [where] the heaviest fighting had been the day before. The road was a river of gore. When I came to the end I felt as if I had left a world of darkness for a world of sunlight.
Waco CG-4A glider lands at a D-Day airstrip.
Author title page
U.S Air Force
‘Crawling to investigate what lay behind a thick hedgerow I was confronted by a German lobbing a stick grenade into my face. I went after it to return it but it went off inches from my fingertips. It was an orange ball that gave off real furnace heat. I passed out. When consciousness came back I was stone deaf, but otherwise felt OK. I have heard that a person can be just