MONARCHY
From the Middle Ages to Modernity
DAVID STARKEY
To Hal and Susie Bagot,
under whose roof it was finished.
For friendship and hospitality.
CONTENTS
GENEALOGY
INTRODUCTION: The Imperial Crown
PART I
1 The Man Who Would Be King
2 King and Emperor
3 Shadow of the King
4 Rebellion
5 New Model Kingdom
PART II
6 Restoration
7 Royal Republic
8 Britannia Rules
9 Empire
10 The King is Dead, Long Live the British Monarchy!
EPILOGUE: The Challenges of Modernity
Also by David Starkey
Credits
SECTION I
Page 1
1 King Edward IV, by unknown artist, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
2 Elizabeth Woodville. © The President and Fellows of Queens’ College.
3 King Richard III, by unknown artist, late 16th century, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
4 Lady Margaret Beaufort, by unknown artist, c.1600, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
Pages 2–3
1 King Henry VII, by unknown artist, 1505, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
2 Elizabeth of York, by unknown artist, c.1500, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
3 King Henry VIII, (miniature), Horenbout Lucas, 1526–7. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
4 Catherine of Aragon, (miniature), attributed to Horenbout Lucas, c.1525. The National Portrait Gallery, London.
5 Meeting at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 7th June 1520. From an original by Hans Holbein, the Elder (oil on canvas), this copy by Friedrich Bouterwek. © Chateau de Versailles, France/Lauros/ Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library.
Pages 4–5
1 The Whitehall Mural, or The Dynasty Portrait. From an original by Hans Holbein, this copy by Remigius van Leemput, late 17th century. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
2 The Great Bible, title page, 1539. © Lambeth Palace Library, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.
Pages 6–7
1 The Family of Henry VIII, by unknown artist, c.1545, (oil on canvas). The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
2 Thomas Cranmer, by Flicke Gerlach, 1545, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
3 King Edward VI and the Pope, by unknown artist, c.1570, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
4 Queen Mary I by Hans Eworth or Ewoutsz, (fl.1520–74). © Society of Antiquaries, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.
5 Foxe’s Book of Martyr’s (page detail), c.1500. © Lambeth Palace Library.
Page 8
1 Queen Elizabeth I in Coronation Robes, by unknown artist, c.1559, (panel). © National Portrait Gallery, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.
2 Mary, Queen of Scots after a miniature, by unknown artist, c.1560–1565, (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
3 James I (in robes of state), van Somer Paul, c.1620. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
SECTION II
Page 1
1 The Somerset House Conference, by unknown artist, 1604, (oil on canvas). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
2 Right hand side of Diptych showing the Parliament of James I of England, VI of Scotland and the Gunpowder Plot, detail of the Gunpowder Plotters from the bottom right hand corner, by English School, 17th century, (oil on panel). © St. Faith’s Church, Gaywood, Norfolk, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.
3 Great Seal of James I (detail) by English School, 17th century, (engraving). © Private Collection/ The Bridgeman Art Library.
Pages 2–3
1 King Charles I and his Family, by school of Sir Anthony van Dyck, (oil on canvas). © Royal Hospital Chelsea, London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.
2 Archbishop William Laud, after Sir Anthony van Dyck, c.1636, (oil on canvas). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
3 Parliament Assembled at Westminster on 13th April 1640, by unknown artist, 17th century, (engraving). © Museum of London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.
Pages 4–5
1 The Battle Plan of Naseby from Anglia Rediviva, 1647. © The British Library, London.
2 Oliver Cromwell by Walker Robert, c.1649, (oil on canvas). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
3 Execution of Charles I (1600–49) at Whitehall, January 30th, 1649 (oil on canvas) by Coques, Gonzales, attr.to. © Musee de Picardie, Amiens, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library.
4 The Pourtraiture of his Royal Highness, Oliver, Late Protector etc, in his Life and Death, with a short view of his Government. © The British Library, London.
Pages 6–7
1 Coronation Procession of Charles II to Westminster from the Tower of London, by Dirck Stoop, 1661. © Museum of London, UK/The Bridgeman Art Library.
2 Charles II enthroned wearing the recreated Regalia, by John Michael Wright, 1660–1670. The Royal Collection © 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
3 The Royal Gift of Healing, King Charles II healing the sick, by unknown artist, 1684. © Heritage Image Partnership/The British Library.
Page 8
1 Dutch attack on the Medway: The Royal Charles carried into Dutch waters, 12th June 1667, by Ludolf Bakhuizen, 1667, (oil on canvas). National Maritime Museum, London.
2 Titus Oates, by Robert White, 1679, (line engraving). The National Portrait Gallery, London.
SECTION III
Page 1
1 A perspective of Westminster Abbey from the High alter to the West end showing the manner of his Majesties