• the largest Russian exporter of non-ferrous metals, with high degree of liquidity in the international markets (2.4 % of the total exports from Russia), non-precious metals and metal-ceramics, fine woods and end products, inorganic chemistry products, nuclear and energetic equipment, mineral raw materials, oil and gas products, synthetic materials, etc.;
• the region with a well-developed transportation system. Its capital – the city of Krasnoyarsk is a large transportation center of Eastern Siberia as it is located at the site where the Trans-Siberian Railway and Trans-Siberian Highway cross the Yenisei River providing access to the Northern Sea Route;
• the region is crossed by a number of domestic and international air routes which, along with realization of the Cross-Polar Air Routes project allowed to shorten the time needed to get from North America to South East Asia.
Internal competitive advantages of the region are determined by the current state of the regional economy and availability of resources for its development in the future. There are following main internal competitive advantages of the Krasnoyarsk Krai:
• the Krai is an important industrial region of Russia (volume of the shipped goods according to the types of economic activities in 2005 made up 376.8 billion rubles);
• a lot of industrial enterprises, including those representing the military industrial establishment, are located in the Krai. This provides great opportunities for diversification and development of the economy;
• a substantial amount of highly qualified and skilled work force is available in the region;
• the Krasnoyarsk Krai is the scientific center of Siberia, advanced branches and scientific institutes are located in its territory;
• there is a number of opportunities for vertical integration of production based on exploitation of local reserves of natural resources and their processing;
• much of scientific and innovative potential of Siberia is concentrated in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, which provides an opportunity for organization of science-intensive types of production;
• there is a number of large export-oriented enterprises, which products are in steady demand in the world market;
• there are great opportunities for cooperation with the neighboring regions, the CIS and foreign countries, as well as for diversification of foreign trade geography.
The Krasnoyarsk Krai, being the second Russian region according to its territory comprises 2 Autonomous Districts (Taimyr and Evenkiya), 48 districts and 25 towns, which are combined into 10 zones with similar economy and a common area.
The Krasnoyarsk Krai is characterized by a complex territorial structure, where all the districts differ on the quantity of natural resources and level of industrial development.
There are following economic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Krai:
1. Taymyr Autonomous Okrug;
2. Evenk Autonomous Okrug; 3. Norilsk industrial complex;
4. Northern group of regions (Turukhansk district, town of Igarka);
5. Eastern part of Lower Angara River Region (Boguchany and Kezhma districts);
6. Western part of Lower Angara River Region (Kazachinsky, Pirovsky, Motyguino,
7. Yeniseisk, Severo-Yeniseisky districts, towns of Yeniseisk and Lesosibirsk);
8. Achinsk group of regions (Achinsk, Birilussy, Bogotol, Bolshoy Uluy, Kozulka, Nazarovo, Tukhtet, Uzhur, Sharypovo districts, the towns of Achinsk, Bogotol, Nazarovo and Sharypovo);
9. Kansk group of regions (Aban, Dzerzhinsky, Ilansky, Irbeysky, Kansk, Nizhny Ingash, Partizansky, Rybinsky, Sayansky, Taseyevo, Uyar districts, the towns of Kansk, Borodino and Zaozerny);
10. Krasnoyarsk group of regions (Balakhta, Berezovka, Bolshaya Murta, Yemelyanovo, Mansky, Novoselovo, Sukhobuzimsky districts, the city of Krasnoyarsk, the towns of Sosnovoborsk and Divnogorsk);
11. Southern group of regions (Yermakovsky, Idrinsky, Karatuzsky, Krasnoturansk, Kuragino, Minusinsk, Shushensky, the town of Minusinsk).
Source: http://www.krskstate.ru
Task 3. Find the word/expression in the right-hand column that could meaningfully replace one of the words/expressions on the left in English-Russian translation.
Task 4. Give the English translation equivalents of the following Russian words and expressions from the above text.
Task 5. Give the Russian translation equivalents of the following English expressions with the keyword «industry»:
Степень стабильности, благоприятная географическая и геополитическая позиция, сырье, запасы древесины, ежегодная вырубка леса, металлокерамика, транспортный центр, шоссе, внутренние и международные воздушные коридоры, промышленный регион, научный центр, наукоемкие виды производства, пользоваться постоянным спросом, автономный округ, промышленное развитие.
Key industry, growing industry, domestic industry, international industry, local industry, state-run industry, heavy industry, construction industry, entertainment industry, nationalized industry, to develop industry, to stimulate industry, to destroy industry, to regulate industry, to be involved in industry, industry leader, commerce and industry, a sector of industry, trade and industry, the revival of industry.
Task 6. Translate the following mini-texts into Russian, using the words and expressions from the above text and Tasks 2–5 or a dictionary if necessary.
1. The Trans-Siberian railway remains the most important transportation link within Russia; around 30% of Russian exports travel on the line. While it attracts many foreign tourists, it gets most of its use from domestic passengers.
2. The increasing intensity of competition in global markets is a challenge facing companies at all stages of involvement in international markets.
3. Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area.
4. The evaluation of the Investment Attractiveness Index of Ukraine is conducted by the European Business. The index is based on regular monitoring of the investment climate of Ukraine by the first persons of the EBA member-companies.
5. Competitive advantage occurs when an organization acquires or develops an attribute or combination of attributes that allows it to outperform its competitors. These attributes can include access to natural resources, such as high grade ores or inexpensive power, or access to highly trained and skilled personnel human resources.
6. Despite today's high unemployment rate, skilled workers are in high demand in the construction staffing market.
Task 7. Make an English annotation of the text “The Krasnoyarsk Krai: Economy” (100–120 words), using the keywords and expressions using the results of the previous tasks 3–6.
Task 8. Translate your English annotation into Russian.
Task 9. Compare your Russian annotation with the sample one, which will be given to you by your teacher. Revise your translation, saying which translation variant is better and why.
Task 10. Give a written summary of the text “The Krasnoyarsk Krai: Economy” (300–350