3. In the summer of 1917, Prokofiev composed his first symphony, the Classical, which was written, he said, in the style Haydn would have used if he had been alive.
4. Prokofiev’s first major orchestral success was the Scythian Suite, compiled from music he composed for Sergei Diaghilev. Henri Matisse was commissioned to draw the portrait of Prokofiev, which was published in the program for the season of the Ballets Russes in Paris in May 1921.
5. Prokofiev was a passionate chess player who became friends with world chess champions José Raúl Capablanca, whom he beat in 1914, and Mikhail Botvinnik.
6. Prokofiev’s nine ballets make up an important part of his body of work, but he took to the genre slowly. His early sensibilities were a better fit for operas and cantatas, and it was only with the success and heavy-handed influence of ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev he began to work in this challenging, risky genre. Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Cinderella (1944) are among his best-remembered works in any category.
7. In 1938, Prokofiev collaborated with film director Eisenstein on Alexander Nevsky. Prokofiev composed some of his most brilliant and dramatic music for this work. He later adapted much of his score into a large-scale Cantata for mezzo-soprano, orchestra, and chorus which was extensively performed and recorded.
8. Prokofiev was already considering making an opera from Tolstoy’s War and Peace when Germany invaded Russia on June 22, 1941. The conflict spurred him on and he completed his original composition version within two years.
9. Towards the end of his life, Prokofiev enjoyed personal and artistic support from a new generation of Russian performers, notably the pianist Richter and cellist Rostropovich, for whom he composed his Symphony-Concerto.
10. Prokofiev died at the age of 61 on March 5, 1953, but unfortunately very few noticed as it was the very day Stalin’s death was announced.
Sergei Rachmaninov
Sergei Rachmaninov (1873—1943)
1. Sergei Rachmaninov was born on April 1, 1873 in Semyonovo. As a young man he consistently amazed his teachers with his jaw-dropping ability as a pianist and composer. He created a frenzy with his First Piano Concerto when he was just 18.
2. The premiere of Rachmaninov’s First symphony in March 1897 was brutally punished by the critics. The deficiencies of the performance, conducted by Alexander Glazunov, were not commented on by the critics, but according to a memoir from Alexander Ossovsky, a close friend of Rachmaninov, Glazunov made poor use of rehearsal time and the concert’s program itself, which contained two other premieres.
3. Many pianists fear Rachmaninov’s Piano Concerto No 3, deemed one of the most technically challenging concertos in the classical repertoire. Joseph Hofmann, to whom the work was dedicated, never performed it in public. The concerto had its first performance on November 28th, 1909, by Rachmnaninov himself. Several weeks later, Gustav Mahler conducted it.
4. It was after completing his first major choral work, Cantata Vesna (The Spring) in 1902, when Rachmaninov made the surprise announcement he was marrying his cousin, Natalya. This caused a bit of a stir, as in Russia first cousins were not permitted to marry. But they proceeded with the marriage, and their daughter Irina was born in May 1903.
5. Rachmaninov composed his Symphony No. 2 in Dresden, where he and his family lived for the best part of four years from 1906. Writing the symphony was a daunting affair for the composer; however, it was a resounding success and has remained one of the most popular of all of his works.
6. Rachmaninov had a very deep and personal religious faith which he expressed beautifully in 1915 through his unaccompanied All-Night Vigil. It is separated into two parts – the evening Vespers and the morning Matins – both full of exquisitely rich harmonies.
7. The 1917 Russian Revolution meant the end of Russia as the composer had known it. In December 1917, he left Petrograd for Helsinki on an open sled with his wife and daughters. Now in his 40s, Rachmaninov launched a third and more lucrative strand of his career as a concert pianist.
8. Rachmaninov saw the United States as the future, and from his arrival there in 1918 he found himself in great demand. So much so his composing became limited to the summer months. Things reached fever pitch during the 1922—23 concert season when Rachmaninov gave more than seventy performances between November and the end of March. He made enough money to build a house in Los Angeles which was an exact replica of his original Moscow home.
9. By the time of his final tour in 1943, Rachmaninov was already seriously ill with lung cancer brought on by a lifetime of heavy smoking. It seems almost prophetic his final recital on February 17, 1943 included Chopin’s famous funeral march. He died a month later in Beverly Hills, four days before his 70th birthday.
10. Only a decade after Rachmaninov’s death, the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians predicted the “enormous popular success few of Rachmaninov’s works had in his lifetime is not likely to last, and musicians never regarded them with much favor.” They could not have been more wrong.
Maurice Ravel
Maurice Ravel (1875—1937)
1. Born in 1875 in the Basque region of France, Ravel began music lessons when he was six. At 14, he gave his earliest public piano recital. “As a child, I was sensitive to music,” noted Ravel, “to every kind of music.”
2. By 20, Ravel was something of a dandy – meticulous about his appearance and demeanor. He was a lifelong smoker and enjoyed good food, fine wine, and spirited conversation.
3. Ravel studied composition with Gabriel Fauré, whom he admired. Ravel generally had strong opinions on music and musicians, describing much of Beethoven’s works as “exasperating,” Wagner’s influence “pernicious,” and Berlioz’s harmony “clumsy.”
4. Debussy and Ravel admired each other’s music. However, Ravel occasionally criticized Debussy, particularly regarding his orchestration, “If I had the time, I would reorchestrate La Mer.”
5. In 1899, Ravel conducted his first orchestral piece, Shéhérazade, and was greeted by a raucous response of boos and applause. One critic described the composer as a “mediocrely gifted debutante… who will perhaps become something if not someone in about ten years, if he works hard.”
6. Ravel became a master orchestrator, carefully studying every musical instrument to determine their possibilities. His famous orchestration of Mussorgsky’s Pictures at an Exhibition brought Ravel substantial income.
7. Ravel began working on his ballet Daphnis et Chloé during 1909 as a commission from Diaghilev for the great dancer Nijinsky. It was not an easy project, and the reception was unenthusiastic. Stravinsky later called Daphnis et Chloé “one of the most beautiful products of all French music.”
8. The Pavane pour une infante defunte was written as a piano piece for Princesse Edmond de Polignac, whose father was Isaac Singer, the famous sewing machine manufacturer. Ravel went to great pains to point out, despite the title, the piece is not a funeral