146
See Tylor’s “Primitive Culture,” vol. i. pp. 364-367.
147
See Swainson’s “Weather-Lore.”
148
Batman upon Bartholomæus – “De Proprietatibus Rerum,” lib. xi. c. 3.
149
Polwhele’s “Cornish Vocabulary.”
150
Cf. “Macbeth,” iii. 4, “O, these flaws and starts.”
151
See Harland and Wilkinson’s “Lancashire Folk-Lore,” 1867, pp. 116-121; “Notes and Queries,” 1st series, vol. viii. p. 224; “Penny Cyclopædia,” vol. vii. p. 206, article “Cirripeda.”
152
Nares’s “Glossary,” 1872, vol. i. p. 56.
153
See Harting’s “Ornithology of Shakespeare,” 1871, pp. 246-257.
154
“Ornithology of Shakespeare,” 1871, p. 252.
155
See “Philosophical Transactions” for 1835; Darwin’s “Monograph of the Cirrhipedia,” published by the Ray Society; a paper by Sir J. Emerson Tennent in “Notes and Queries,” 1st series, vol. viii. p. 223; Brand’s “Popular Antiquities,” 1849, vol. iii. pp. 361, 362; Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 14.
156
See Yarrell’s “History of British Birds,” 2d edition, vol. i. p. 218; “Dialect of Leeds,” 1862, p. 329. In “Hamlet” (iii. 2), some modern editions read “ouzle;” the old editions all have
157
Miss Baker’s “Northamptonshire Glossary,” 1854, vol. i. p. 94. See Nares’s “Glossary,” 1872, vol. i. p. 124; and “Richard III.,” i. 1.
158
Harting’s “Ornithology of Shakespeare,” p. 144; Halliwell-Phillipps’s “Handbook Index to Shakespeare,” 1866, p. 187. The term finch, also, according to some, may mean either the bullfinch or goldfinch.
159
See Yarrell’s “History of British Birds,” 2d edition, vol. ii. p. 58.
160
Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 156; Singer’s “Shakespeare,” 1875, vol. v. p. 115; Dyce’s “Glossary,” 1876, p. 77.
161
Mr. Dyce says that if Dr. Latham had been acquainted with the article “Chouette,” in Cotgrave, he would not probably have suggested that Shakespeare meant here the lapwing or pewit. Some consider the magpie is meant. See Halliwell-Phillipps’s “Handbook Index to Shakespeare,” 1866, p. 83. Professor Newton would read “russet-patted,” or “red-legged,” thinking that Shakespeare meant the chough.
162
“Glossary,” vol. i. p. 162; Singer’s “Notes to Shakespeare,” 1875, vol. v. p. 42.
163
Massinger’s Works, 1813, vol. i. p. 281.
164
“Handbook Index to Shakespeare,” 1866, p. 86.
165
Miss Baker’s “Northamptonshire Glossary,” 1854, vol. i. p. 116.
166
“Coriolanus,” iv. 5; “Troilus and Cressida,” i. 2; “Much Ado About Nothing,” ii. 3; “Twelfth Night,” iii. 4; “Love’s Labour’s Lost,” v. 2, song; “1 Henry VI.” ii. 4.
167
Swainson’s “Weather-Lore,” 1873, p. 240.
168
Henderson’s “Folk-Lore of Northern Counties,” 1879, p. 48.
169
See Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” p. 438.
170
See Ibid.
171
See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. ii. pp. 51-57; Hampson’s “Medii Œvi Kalendarium,” vol. i. p. 84.
172
1st series, vol. iii. p. 404.
173
“Medii Œvi Kalendarium,” vol. i. p. 85.
174
Roberts’s “Social History of Southern Counties of England,” 1856, p. 421; see “British Popular Customs,” 1876, p. 65.
175
Nares’s “Glossary,” 1872, vol. i. p. 203.
176
Singer’s “Shakespeare,” 1875, vol. ix. p. 256; Halliwell-Phillipps’s “Handbook Index to Shakespeare,” p. 112.
177
Dyce’s “Glossary to Shakespeare,” p. 85.
178
“Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 290.
179
“Ornithology of Shakespeare,” p. 171.
180
It is also an ale-house sign.
181
See Dyce’s “Glossary to Shakespeare,” p. 85.
182
See “Book of Days,” 1863, vol. i. p. 157.
183
In “King Lear” (iv. 6), where Edgar says:
“Yond tall anchoring bark,
Diminish’d to her cock; her cock, a buoy
Almost too small for sight.”
the word “cock” is an abbreviation for cock-boat.
184
For superstitions associated with this bird, see Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 218.
185
“Ornithology of Shakespeare,” p. 260.
186
See “Folk-Lore Record,” 1879, vol. i. p. 52; Henderson’s “Folk-Lore of Northern Counties,” 1879, pp. 25, 126, 277.
187
Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 208.
188
Cf. “Henry IV.,” iv. 2.
189
Miss Baker’s “Northamptonshire Glossary,” vol. ii. p. 161; Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 393.
190
Cf. “Romeo and Juliet,” i. 5.
191
“A cuckold being called from the cuckoo, the note of that bird was supposed to prognosticate that destiny.” – Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 212.
192
Engel’s “Musical Myths and Facts,” 1876, vol. i. p. 9.
193
See Kelly’s “Indo-European Folk-Lore,” 1863, p. 99; “English Folk-Lore,” 1879, pp. 55-62.
194
See Mary Howitt’s “Pictorial Calendar of the Seasons,” p. 155; Knight’s “Pictorial Shakespeare,” vol. i. pp. 225, 226.
195
Chambers’s “Book of Days,” vol. i. p. 531.
196
See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. ii. p. 201.
197
“Asinaria,” v. 1.
198
Nares, in his “Glossary” (vol. i. p. 212), says: “Cuckold, perhaps,
199
Singer’s “Shakespeare,” 1875, vol. ix. p. 294.
200
“Ornithology of Shakespeare,” pp. 190, 191.
201
Sir W. Raleigh’s “History of the World,” bk. i. pt. i. ch. 6.
202
Strutt’s “Sports and Pastimes,” 1876, p. 329.
203
There is an allusion to the proverbial saying, “Brag is a good dog, but Hold-fast is a better.”
204
In