Northern Tribes of Central Australia, p. 26. Howitt,
Native Tribes of South-East Australia, pp. 88, 89.
3
Howitt, ut supra, pp. 511, 513.
4
Hale, U.S. Exploring Expedition, p. 410. 1846.
5
Howitt, ut supra, p. 89.
7
There are exceptions, or at least one exception is known to the rule of animal names for phratries, a point to which we shall return. Dr. Roth (N.W. Central Queensland Aborigines, p. 56) suggests that the phratry names Wutaru and Pakuta mean One and Two (cf. p. 26). For Wutaru and Yungaru, however, interpretations indicating names of animals are given, diversely, by Mr. Bridgman and Mr. Chatfield, Kamilaroi and Kurnai, pp. 40, 41.
8
That reckoning descent in the female line, among totemists, is earlier than reckoning in the male line, Mr. Howitt, Mr. Tylor, Dr. Durkheim, and Messrs. Spencer and Gillen, with Mr. J. G. Frazer, till recently, are agreed. Starcke says "usually the female line only appears in connection with the Kobong (totem) groups," and he holds the eccentric opinion that totems are relatively late, and that the tribes with none are the more primitive! (The Primitive Family, p. 26, 1896.) This writer calls Mr. Howitt "a missionary."
9
That this is the case will be proved later; the fact has hitherto escaped observation.
10
Frazer, Totemism, p. 6l. Morgan, Ancient Society, pp. 90, 94 et seq.
11
Native Tribes of South-East Australia. Macmillan, 1904.
12
Native Tribes of South-East Australia, p. 640. For examples, pp. 528-535.
14
That is, on our present information. It is very unusual for orthodox adhesion to one set of myths to prevail.
15
Sometimes members of one totem are said to be restricted to marriage with members of only one other totem.
16
Howitt, Native Tribes of South-East Australia, p. 284, citing Mr. J. G. Frazer.
17
Native Tribes of Central Australia, 1899. Northern Tribes of Central Australia, 1904. Macmillan.
18
Cf. Howitt, Native Tribes of South-East Australia, pp. 188-189. Native Tribes of Central Australia, p. 60.
19
Howitt, op. cit., p. 676, N.T., p. 20.
20
Native Tribes of Central Australia, p. 214. The same opinion is stated as very probable in Northern Tribes of Central Australia, p. 329.
22
Mrs. Langloh Parker's M.S.
23
I am uncertain as to this point among the Urabunna, as will appear later.
24
The Dieri tribe do pray to the Mura-Mura, or mythical ancestors, but not, apparently, to the remembered dead.
25
"Totemism, South Africa," J. G. Frazer, Man, 1901, No. III. Mr. Frazer does not, of course, adopt the Bantu myth as settling the question.
26
Stow, MSS., 820. I owe the extract to Miss C. G. Burne.
27
I have not included the theory of Dr. Westermarck, in the History of Human Marriage, because that work is written without any reference to totemism.
28
Native Tribes of South-East Australia, p. 89.
29
Native Tribes of South-East Australia, p. 90.
30
Loc. cit. Mr. Howitt says "classes," but we adhere to the term "phratries."
31
Natives of Central Australia, Spencer and Gillen, p. 63.
32
Spencer end Gillen, pp. 92-98.
33
Natives of Central Australia, Spencer and Gillen, p. 63.
34
For a large account of these customs see The Golden Bough, second edition.
35
Fison, J.A.I., xiv. p. 28.
36
Natives of Central Australia, Spencer and Gillen, p. 97.
38
Roth, N.W.C. Queensland Aborigines, p. 56.
39
Starcke, The Primitive Family, p. 207.
40
L'Année Sociologique, i. pp. 313-316.
41
L'Année Sociologique, i. p. 315.
42
Native Tribes of South-East Australia, xiv.
43
Can Dr. Fison mean of the same matrimonial class?
44
Kamilaroi and Kurnai, pp. 166, 167.
45
Native Races of South-East Australia, p. 163. Pointed out by Mr. N. W. Thomas.
46
The participation of many men in the jus primae noctis is open to various explanations.
47
Poetry of the Antijacobin.
48
Studies in Ancient History, ii. p. 52.
49
L'Année Sociologique, i., pp.38, 39, 62.
50
J. A. I., pp. 56-60, August 1890.
51
Howitt, J. A. I., August 1890, pp. 55-58.
52
What the Dieri call Pirauru (legalised paramour) the adjacent Kunan-daburi tribe call Dilpa Mali. In this tribe the individual husband or individual wife (that is, the real wife or husband) is styled Nubaia, in Dieri Noa, in Urabunna Nupa. Husband's brother, sister's husband, wife's sister, and brother's wife are all Nubaia Kodimali in Kunandabori, and are all Noa in Dieri. What Dilpa Mali (legalised paramour, or "accessory wife or husband") means in Kunandabori Mr. Howitt does not know. But he learns that Kodi Mali (applied to Pirauru) means "not Nubaia," that is, "not legal individual husband or wife." If we knew what Dilpa means in Dilpa Mali (legalised paramour of either sex), we should know more than we are apt to do in the present state of Australian philology.
At Port Lincoln a man calls his own wife Yung Ara, that of his brother Karteti (Trans. Phil. Soc. Vic., v. 180). What do these words mean? —Report of Regents of Smithsonian Institute, 1883, pp. 804-806.
53
Report of Regents of Smithsonian Institute, 1883, p. 807.
54
Tippa, in one tongue, Malku in another, denote the tassel which is a man's full dress suit.
55
Mr. Howitt says that the pair are Tippa Malku "for the
