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and Preterpluperfect, as the Greeks and Latines have; whence it ariseth, that the Present Tense with the Hebrews, may, as the sentence will bear it, be translated by the Preterimperfect, as also by the Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect Tense; and this (they say) is practised in this very passage, where the Phrase, as it is in Hebrew, may be rendered as well qui faciebas, as qui facis Angelos, etc. Vid. Hieronym. in Ep. ad Titum, et Thom. Aqu. 1. p. qu. 61. art. 3. The Latine Annotator saith, the Father meant by the Author, is St. Aug. and quotes him, l. II. de Civ. Dei cap. 9. which place I have perused, and find the expression there used by St. Aug. is but hypothetical; for these are his words: Cum enim dixit Fiat lux, et facta est lux, si rectè in fine luce creatio intelligitur Angelorum, etc. Where you see 'tis but with a Si, and therefore I conceive the Author intends not him, but Chrysostom.

       Where it subsists alone, 'tis a Spiritual Substance, and may be an Angel. ] Epicurus was of this opinion, and St. Aug. in Euchirid. ad Laurentium.

      Sect. 35. Pag. 52.

      Moses decided that Question, and all is salved with the new term of Creation.] That is it which Aristotle could not understand; he had learned that ex nihilo nihil fit, and therefore when he found those that disputed that the World had a beginning, did maintain that it was generated, and he could not understand any generation, but out of matter præ-existent in infinitum, therefore he took their opinion to be absurd, and upon that ground principally, concluded the World to be eternal: whereas, if he had understood that there may be such a thing as Creation, he had not done it, for that solves his processus in infinitum. Take from Plato, that the World had a beginning, and from Aristot. that it was not generated, and you have the (true) Christian opinion.

      Sect. 36. Pag. 54.

       In our study of Anatomy, there is a mass of mysterious Philosophy, and such as reduced the very Heathens to Divinity. ] So it did Galen, who considering the order, use, and disposition of the parts of the body, brake forth into these words: Compono hic profecto Canticam in creatoris nostri laudem, quod ultra res suas ornare voluit melius quam ulla arte possent. Galen, 3. de usu partium.

      Sect. 37. Pag. 55.

       I cannot believe the wisdom of Pythagoras did ever positively, and in a literal sense, affirm his Metempsychosis. ] In this the opinion of Grotius is contrary to the Author, who saith this opinion was begotten by occasion of the opinion of other Philosophers, who in their discourses of the life that is to be after this, brought such arguments, Quæ non magis de homine quam de bestiis procedunt. And therefore, saith he, mirandum non est, si transitum animarum de hominibus in bestias, de bestiis in homines alii commenti sunt. Lib. 2. de ver. Relig. Christ. (vide etiam Annotat. ejusd.). But yet there is a shrewd objection against the opinion of Pythagoras, if he did mean it literally, which is cast in by the Sectators of Democritus and Epicurus, which Lucretius remembers in these Verses:

       Præterea si immortalis natura animaï

      Constat, et in corpus nascentibus insinuatur,

      Cur super anteactam ætatem meminisse nequimus?

      Nec vestigia gestarum rerum ulla tenemus?

      Namsi tantopere 'st animi mutata potestas,

      Omnis ut actarum excideret retinentia rerum,

      Non ut opinor ea ab læto jam longiter errat.

[Lib. 3.]

      This Argument, 'tis true, is pro falso contra falsum, but yet holds ad hominem so far, that it is not likely (as the Author saith) but Pythagoras would observe an absurdity in the consequence of his Metempsychosis; and therefore did not mean it literally, but desired only to express the Soul to be immortal, which he, and the other Philosophers that were of that opinion, who had not heard of Creation, could not conceive, unless it must be taken for truth, that the soul were before the body; so saith Lactantius of them. Non putaverunt aliter fieri posse ut supersint animæ post corpora, nisi videntur fuisse ante corpora. De fals. Sap. c. 18.

      Sect. 41. Pag. 59.

       I do not envy the temper of Crows or Daws. ] As Theophrastus did, who dying, accused Nature for giving them, to whom it could not be of any concernment, so large a life; and to man, whom it much concern'd, so short a one. Cic. Tusc. quæst. l. 3. How long Daws live, see in Not. ad Sect. 41.

      Sect. 42. Pag. 61.

       Not upon Cicero's ground, because I have liv'd them well. ] I suppose he alludes to an expression in an Epistle of Cicero, written in his Exile, to his wife and children, where he hath these words to his wife: Quod reliquum est, te sustenta mea Terentia ut potes, honestissime viximus, floruimus. Non vitium nostrum sed virtus nos afflixit, peccatum est nullum nisi quod non unà animum cum ornamentis amisimus, l. 24, Ep. 4.

       And stand in need of Eson's bath before threescore. ] Eson was the Father of Jason, and, at his request, was by Medea, by the means of this Bath, restored to his youth. Ingredients that went into it, and the description of Medea's performance, Ovid gives you, l. 7. Metam.

      Interea calido positum medicamen aheno

      Fervet et exultat, spumisq; tumentibus albet.

      Illic Æmonia radices valle resectas,

      Seminaq; et flores, et succos incoquit atros

      Adjicet extremo lapides Oriente petitos,

      Et quas Oceani refluum mare lavit arenas:

      Addidit exceptas lunæ de nocte pruinas,

      Et Strigis infames ipsis cum carnibus alas,

      Inq; virum soliti vultus mutare ferinos

      Ambigui prosecta lupi, nec defuit illi

      Squamea Cinyphei tenuis membrana Chelidri,

      Vivacisq; jecur cervi; quibus insuper addit

      Ora caputq; novem cornicis secula passæ.

      His et mille aliis, postquam sine nomine rebus

      Propositum instruxit mortali barbara munus

      Arenti ramo jampridem mitis olivæ

      Omnia confudit, summisq; immiscuit ima.

      Ecce vetus calido versatus stipes aheno

      Fit viridis primo, nec longo tempore frondes

      Induit, et subito gravidis oneratur olivis.

      At quacunq; cavo spumas ejecit aheno

      Ignis, et in terram guttæ cecidere calentes,

      Vernat humus, floresq; et mollia pabula surgunt.

      Quæ simulac vidit, stricto Medea recludit

      Ense senis jugulum, veteremq; extare cruorem

      Passa replet succis, quos postquam combibit Æson,

      Aut ore acceptas, aut vulnere, barba comœq;

      Cunitie posita, nigrum rapuere colorem.

      Pulsa fugit macies: abeunt pallorq; situsque:

      Adjectoq; cavæ supplentur corpore rugæ;

      Membraq; luxuriant. Æson miratur, et olim

      Ante quater denos hunc se reminiscitur annos,

      Dissimilemq; animum subiit, ætate relicta.

[262-293.]

      Sect.