35
Bomann-Larsen, Roald Amundsen, chap. 1.
36
Cameron, From Pole to Pole, 47.
37
Cameron, 48.
38
Cameron, 50.
39
"Son of the Vikings Navigates the Northwest Passage," New York Times, December 10, 1905.
40
New York Times, September 6, 1924.
41
Amundsen, My Life, 116.
42
Brown, Last Viking, 246.
43
Brown, 108.
44
Alexander McKee, Ice Crash: Disaster in the Arctic, 1928 (London: Souvenir Press, 1979), 21.
45
McKee, 22.
46
Berg, "Gender in Polar Air," 139.
47
Beekman H. Pool, Polar Extremes: The World of Lincoln Ellsworth (Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2002), 29.
48
Brown, Last Viking, 252.
49
Brown, 249.
50
Brown, 250.
51
Interview with Professor Steinar Aas, June 26, 2018; Steinar Aas, "New Perspectives on the Italia Tragedy and Umberto Nobile," Polar Research 24, nos. 1–2 (2005): 5–15, 6, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v24i1.6249.
52
Aas, 6.
53
Dag Avango, "Svalbard Archaeology," Michigan Technological University, May 10, 2018, http://www.svalbardarchaeology.org/history.html.
54
Avango.
55
Avango.
56
Avango.
57
"The History of the Norwegian Polar Institute," last updated February 20, 2018, https://www.npolar.no/en/history/.
58
Avango, "Svalbard Archaeology."
59
"The History of the Norwegian Polar Institute."
60
"'Swedish Activism' in WWI," Radio Sweden, August 6, 2014, https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=5931605.
61
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62
Frank Jacobs, "The Cold War That Wasn't: Norway Annexes Greenland," Big Think, March 4, 2016, https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/the-cold-war-that-wasnt-norway-annexes-greenland.
63
Steinar Aas, "New Perspectives on the Italia Tragedy and Umberto Nobile," Polar Research 24, nos. 1–2 (2005): 5–15, 5, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v24i1.6249.
64
McCorristine, Spectral Arctic, 2.
65
McCorristine, 14.
66
McCorristine, 26.
67
McCorristine, 24.
68
McCorristine, 181.
69
McCorristine, 206.
70
McCorristine, 176–179.
71
Andrew C. Revkin, The North Pole Was Here: Puzzles and Perils at the Top of the World (Boston: Kingfisher, 2006), 27.
72
Revkin, 29–30.
73
Revkin, 30.
74
Revkin, 27.
75
Quoted in Constance Martin, "Arctic Profile Elisha Kent Kane (1820–1857)," Arctic Institute of North America, Calgary, AB, http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic37–2–178.pdf.
76
Martin, 178.
77
David Chapin, "'Science Weeps, Humanity Weeps, the World Weeps': America Mourns Elisha Kent Kane," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 123, no. 4 (1999): 282, 278, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20093316.
78
Revkin, North Pole Was Here, 35.
79
Lyle Zapato, "Here's What They Expect to Find at the North Pole," ZPi, January 11, 2015, https://zapatopi.net/blog/?post=201501116510.the_reed_hollow_earth_exploring_club.
80
Brisbane Telegraph, October 1909, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177856617.
81
Stanley A. Freed, "Fate of the Crocker Land Expedition," Natural History, June 2012. http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/features/092248/fate-of-the-crocker-land-expedition.