The third—order axis in quartz is the optical axis of the crystal. One of the axes of the second order is the electric axis and the normal to both of these axes is the mechanical axis.
The symmetry of the quartz structure determines the symmetry of the properties of this crystal.
Quartz has the need to rotate the plane of the field, not only along the optical axis, but also in a direction perpendicular to it. It has been experimentally established that the ratio remains constant for wavelengths from 545 to 565 Nm and is equal to 054, i.e. the rotation of the plane in the directions perpendicular to the optical wasp is immeasurably two times less than that of the optical wasp. Despite all the "popularity" of quartz, both its properties have not yet been studied in detail.
In this paper, the results are presented, the effect of the polarization of light on
Af effect in natural crystal -quartz with natural coloring.
Figure 1 shows the angular instability of the photovoltaic current in a native a-quartz crystal with a natural color. The crystals were suspended in the impurity spectral region (l- 300—500 nm, a2 = 2cm -1) at room temperature. Figure 1 shows two orientational angular dependence Jx (b) when illuminated in the direction of the a-z axis, while for a-quartz K11 = (1—3). 10—13 A. cm (W) -1.
The illumination in the Z—direction reveals a noticeable deviation of Jx(b) from the theory. Perhaps this is due to the difference in the values of the optical activity coefficient of quartz for the Z— and Y—directions. Attention is drawn to the very low value of the photovoltaic coefficient K11 in a-quartz. It characterizes the impurity centers responsible for the natural coloring of natural crystals and does not reflect the asymmetry of their own transitions. Unfortunately, a-quartz impurity centers have not been specifically investigated; this provides an independent task.
The field was measured by the compensation method
the corresponding photo voltage V=El generated in quartz in the x-axis direction. At room temperature, the following values were obtained:
Due to the temperature dependence of the conductivity of quartz, the field and the photon voltage M increase with decreasing temperature.
Literature
1. Ryvkin S. M. Photoelectric phenomena in semiconductors Fizmatgiz.1963,494p
.2. Fridkin V. M. Ferroelectrics-semiconductors. M., Nauka 1976.
ABOUT THE ABILITY TO MOVE ROBOTIC DEVICES AND THE USE OF NEW IDEOLOGUES-MATHEMATICAL ALGORITHMS IN THEIR CREATION
UDC 004.896
Karimov Boxodir Xoshimovich
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of "Technological Education" of the Faculty of Physics and Technology of Fergana State University
Qo’chqorov Ahliddin Mirzohidovich
Lecturer of "Technological Education" of the Faculty of Physics and Technology of Fergana State University
Ferghana State University, Ferghana, Uzbekistan
Annotation. The performance of a large number of various types of work and operations today is also reduced to the possibility of moving it and making movement. Of course, there are other types of robots that perform their functions in the same location, however, a large number of robots use different ways of movement, which is described in this paper.
Keywords: robot, movement, methods of movement, provision of various kinds of services, demonstration, electric energy.
Аннотация. Выполнение большого количества самой различного типа работ и операций в сегодняшний день сводиться также и к возможности его перемещение и совершения движения. Разумеется, существуют прочие типы роботов, исполняющие свои функции и в одном местоположении, однако, большое количество роботов используют именно различные способы передвижения, что описано в настоящей работе.
Ключевые слова: робот, движение, способы передвижения, оказание различного рода услуг, демонстрация, электрическая энергия.
The very concept of "robot" was created quite early, back in 1920, by the Czech writer Karel Chapek and his brother Josef for Mr. Chapek's science fiction play "R. U. R.", which was staged in 1921, after which it enjoyed success and then became popular. The same terms as "robotics" or more precisely "robotics" were more popularized by the famous writer Isaac Asimov in the science fiction story "Liar" of 1941.
To date, there are a huge number of very different robots, however, the problem of performing human-like movement among most of them on two or more limbs remains and therefore wheeled or tracked robots remain the most common among them, while four-wheeled ones are most often used, but of course there are robots that use more of them, or less, in favor of simplifying the design. A striking example of this is two-wheeled robots using gyroscopic systems for their precise retention and maintaining balance, using the dynamics of an inverse pendulum.
A more popular example of such a device is the segway, which, for comparison, was used as a transport platform in the Robonaut robot developed by NASA. It may seem surprising, but there are also unicycle-like robots that hold the alignment, but they are extremely rare. More actively, ballbots are used instead of them, which are already used, as can be seen from the name of the sphere, driven by several electric motor systems with general control of their retention and balance. Another interesting solution may be such a sharobot, the control system and other details, together with the brain system of which is not taken outside the robot body itself, but is located exactly inside it. Robots developed by the Swiss Higher Technical School, Tohoku Gakuin University and others have become popular.
There are, of course, types that use a larger number of wheels or a tracked type of movement, while such robots have the ability to move in a variety of surfaces, most often uneven, which allows the ability to move the wheel restraint systems along various axes. This design is also called "omnidirectional wheels".
When the technology of using wheels and tracks was described, it is also worth describing the way of movement on the limbs, or more precisely, walking robots, publications about which began in the 1970s and 1980s, although mentions of such devices and machines were still in the myths of Ancient Greece, where it was about the servants of the god Hephaestus, which he created and he gave reason, and popularization was already in subsequent science fiction novels by famous writers.
Of course, numerous motor gears operate at the same time, and no matter how surprising it is, such structures are