Невидимый страж. Как иммунитет защищает нас от внешних и внутренних угроз. Мария Кондратова

Ганс Кристиан Йоахим Грам (1853–1938) занимался систематизацией бактериальных инфекций. Он нашел вещество, которое бактерии одного класса окрашивало в розовый цвет, а другого – нет. В честь ученого те, что окрашивались, названы грамположительными, а те, что оставались бесцветными, – грамотрицательными.

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