The Arduino project owes its success to the Processing language and the Wiring platform that existed before it. Arduino inherited one strong feature from these projects – a user-friendly development environment. Before the advent of Arduino, programming microcontrollers required complex and routine pre-training. And with Arduino, even those who have no experience with electronic devices can now join the world of electronics. Beginners no longer have to spend a lot of time studying related material – they can quickly develop a prototype that will be fully operational.
According to Massimo Banzi, fifty years ago, writing software required a team of people in white coats who knew everything about electronic lamps. Now, with the advent of Arduino, many people have the opportunity to create electronic devices on their own. According to one of the members of the Banzi team, telecommunications engineer David Quartills, the philosophy of Arduino is precisely that anyone who wants to understand electronics can immediately start studying it, instead of first learning algebra.
Chapter 2. OVERVIEW OF ARDUINO FAMILY CONTROLLERS
Chapter 2 provides an overview of Arduino family controllers, drawings and technical parameters.
The main versions of Arduino boards are represented by the following models:
· Due – board based on 32-bit ARM microprocessor Cortex-M3 ARM SAM3U4E;
· Leonardo – ATmega32u4 microcontroller board;
· Uno is the most popular version of the Arduino base platform;
· Duemilanove – ATmega168 or ATmega328 microcontroller board;
· Diecimila is a version of the basic Arduino USB platform;
· Nano is a compact platform used as a layout. Nano is connected to the computer using a USB Mini-B cable;
· Mega ADK – a version of the Mega 2560 board with support for the USB-host interface for communication with Android phones and other devices with USB interface;
· Mega2560 – a board based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller using the ATmega8U2 chip for serial connection via USB port;
· Mega – version of the Mega series based on the ATmega1280 microcontroller;
· Arduino BT – platform with Bluetooth module for wireless communication and programming;
· LilyPad – a platform designed for carrying, can be sewn into fabric;
· Fio platform is designed for wireless applications. Fio contains an XBee radio connector, a LiPo battery connector and a built-in charging circuit;
· Mini0 is the smallest Arduino platform;
· A pro platform designed for experienced users may be part of a larger project;
· Pro Mini – like the Pro platform, it is designed for experienced users who need a low price, smaller dimensions and additional functionality.
2.1. Arduino Pro Mini
Arduino Pro Mini (Fig. 2.1) is built on the ATmega168 microcontroller.
Figure 2.1. Arduino Pro Mini Board
The characteristics of the Arduino Pro Mini board are presented in Table 2.1.
Arduino Pro Mini can receive power: via an FTDI cable, or from a converter board, or from an adjustable 3.3V or 5V power supply (depending on the platform model) via the VCC pin, or from an unregulated source via the RAW pin.
Power terminals:
· RAW – for connection of unregulated voltage;
· VCC – for connection of regulated 3.3 V or 5 V;
· GND – ground terminals.
2.2. Arduino Nano
The Nano platform (Fig. 2.2), built on the ATmega328 microcontroller (Arduino Nano 3.0) or ATmega168 (Arduino Nano 2.x), is small in size and can be used in laboratory work.
Fig. 2.2. Arduino Nano Board
The Arduino Nano can be powered via a USB Mini-B connection, or from an unregulated 6—20 V (pin 30) or an adjustable 5V (pin 27) external power supply. The source with the highest voltage is automatically selected.
The characteristics of the Arduino Nano board are presented in Table 2.2.
2.3. Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno controller (Fig. 2.3) is built on the ATmega328 microcontroller. Unlike all previous boards that used the FTDI USB microcontroller for USB communication, the new Arduino Uno uses the ATmega8U2 microcontroller.
Figure 2.3. Arduino Uno Board
The characteristics of the Arduino Uno board are presented in Table 2.3.
2.4. Arduino Mega2560
The Arduino Mega (Fig. 2.4) is built on the ATmega2560 microcontroller.
Рис. 2.4. Плата Arduino Mega2560
The characteristics of the Arduino Mega2560 board are presented in Table 2.4.
Chapter 3. DOWNLOADING THE ARDUINO PROGRAM AND DRIVER
3.1. Downloading the Arduino IDE program
Arduino is an electronic designer and a convenient platform for the rapid development of electronic devices for beginners and professionals. The platform has become popular all over the world due to the convenience of the programming language, as well as open architecture and program code. It is programmed via USB without the use of programmers.
The blue-green board is the Arduino. At its core, Arduino is a small personal computer that allows you to go beyond the virtual world into the physical world and interact with it. Arduino-based devices can receive information about the environment through various sensors, and can also control various actuators.
Arduino-based device designs can work independently or interact with computer software.
Consider the most popular versions of Arduino (Nano, UNO, Mega,) used in the work.
Arduino UNO is a developer board, one of several (Mega, Nano, etc.), based on the ATmega328 microcontroller. It is popular mainly because of its extensive support network and versatility.
The Arduino UNO has 14 digital I – O ports, six of which can output PWM. There are also 6 incoming analog ports. There is a 16 MHz generator, a USB port, a power connector, a reset button, and an ICSP connector.
In order to get