57
Keeper: the gamekeeper, a man kept on great estates to look after the game.
58
Cromlech: a rude tomb built by the first inhabitants of Britain.
59
Wayland Smith's Cave: a "supernatural smith" who shod horses on payment of sixpence.
60
Sir Walter: Sir Walter Scott.
61
Inigo Jones: a celebrated architect of the 17th century.
62
Lord Craven: the owner of the estate on which the "White Horse" is located.
63
Sheep-walks: sheep pastures, for which the "downs" are much used.
64
Barrows: ancient burial mounds.
65
Public: a public house.
66
Toby Philpot jug: a large brown pitcher, shaped like a jolly old gentleman of the olden time.
67
Antediluvian: before the deluge.
68
Un: it; also him or her.
69
Grewsome: frightful.
70
Um: they.
71
Fiery cross: a cross, the ends of which had been fired and then extinguished in blood. It was sent round by the chiefs of clans in time of war, to summon their followers.
72
Plantations: groves of trees set out in regular order.
73
Squire: a country gentleman.
74
'E: thee or you.
75
Malignant: The Parliamentary or Puritan party during the civil wars of Charles I. called those who adhered to the king "malignants."
76
Tighe: this legend relates a conspiracy by which young Tighe was led into the thick of a fight and killed.
77
Pusey horn: the Pusey family hold their estate not by a title deed, but by a horn, given, it is said, to William Pecote (perhaps an ancestor of the Puseys) by Canute, a Danish king of England in the eleventh century. The horn bears the following inscription: "I, King Canute, give William Pecote this horn to hold by thy land."
78
Freeholders: landowners.
79
Moated grange: a farm or estate surrounded by a broad deep ditch for defence in old times.
80
Marianas: Mariana, a beautiful woman, one of the most lovable of Shakespeare's characters. See "Measure for Measure."
81
West-countryman: a west of England man.
82
Angular Saxon: a play on the words
83
Adscriptus glebæ: attached to the soil.
84
Chaw: "chaw bacon," a nickname for an English peasant.
85
Vools: fools.
86
Whum: home.
87
For this old song see Hughes's "Scouring of the White Horse."
88
J. P.: justice of the peace.
89
Calico: white cotton cloth called calico in England, to distinguish it from print.
90
Smock frocks: coarse white frocks worn by farm laborers.
91
Yule-tide: Christmas. Clubs are formed by the poor several months in advance, to furnish coal, clothes, and poultry for Christmas time, – each member contributing a few pence weekly.
92
Mummers: maskers, merrymakers in fantastic costumes.
93
Vernacular: one's native tongue.
94
Ten-pound doctor: a quack doctor.
95
Mysteries: rude dramatic plays of a religious character, once very popular.
96
Lieges: loyal subjects.
97
Jobbers: speculators or members of corrupt political rings.
98
Assizes or Quarter Sessions: sessions of courts of justice.
99
Yeomanry review: a review of the county militia.
100
Don: a nickname for a university professor.
101
Sirens: sea-nymphs who enticed sailors into their power by their singing, and then devoured them.
102
Clement's Inn: formerly a college and residence for law students in London. It is now given up to law offices.
103
Hop-picking: all the vagabonds of London go to Kent and Surrey in the autumn to pick hops for the farmers, regarding the work as a kind of vacation frolic.
104
Courier: a person hired by wealthy travellers to go in advance and engage rooms at hotels, etc.
105
Imperial: the best seat on a French diligence or stage-coach.
106
Comme le limaçon, etc.: like the snail, carrying all his baggage, his furniture, and his house.
107
Chalet (shal-ay'): a Swiss herdsman's hut.
108
Kraal: a Hottentot hut or village.
109
"Sar' it out": deal it out.
110
"Holus bolus": all at once.
111
Learned poet: Wordsworth; the quotation, which follows, is from "My heart leaps up."
112
A fortiori: for a stronger reason.
113
Environments: surroundings.
114
Functionary: one charged with the performance of a duty.
115
Scatter-brain: thoughtless.
116
Nŏtable: industrious, smart.
117
Cardinal: chief.
118
Drat: plague take.
119
Bist: art.
120
Puritan: the Puritans were those who were dissatisfied with the English Church and wished to
121
Whey: in making cheese the milk separates, the thick part forming curd, and the watery portion whey.
122
Pattens: wooden-soled shoes.
123
Heir-apparent: the legal heir.
124
Break