11 7 Metal Hyperaccumulation in Plants: Phytotechnologies 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Phytotechnologies and Terminologies 7.3 Biological Mechanisms 7.4 Present Gaps and Prospects 7.5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References
12 8 Microbial Remediation Approaches for PAH Degradation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Biogeochemical Properties and Sources of PAH 8.3 Fate of PAH 8.4 PAH: Soil and Air Pollution 8.5 Harmful Effects of PAH 8.6 Microbe Assisted Biodegradation 8.7 Genes and Enzymes Involved in Microbial Degradation 8.8 Factors Affecting Microbial Biodegradation 8.9 Bioremediation and Genetic Engineering 8.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects References
13 9 Biomorphic Synthesis of Nanosized Zinc Oxide for Water Purification 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Properties of ZnO NPs 9.3 Protocol for the Biosynthesis of ZnO NPs 9.4 Factors Affecting the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles 9.5 Applications of Biologically Synthesized NPs 9.6 Mechanism of Biogenic Synthesis of ZnO NPs 9.7 Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles 9.8 Conclusions and Future Outlook References
14 10 Pollution Dynamics of Urban Catchments 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Sustainability in Domestic Wastewater Treatment 10.3 Source Area Pollutant Generation Processes 10.4 Polluting Activities 10.5 Characterization of Urban Pollutants 10.6 The Fate and Transport of Urban Pollutants 10.7 Spatial Distribution of Urbans Pollutants 10.8 Case Study: City of Harare 10.9 Conclusions, Challenges, Opportunities, and/or Future Aspects References
15 11 Bioupgrading of Crude Oil and Crude Oil Fractions 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery 11.3 Biotransformation of Heavy Crude Oil 11.4 Biorefining of Crude Oil 11.5 The Future of Biotechnology in the Refinery References
16 12 Recyclable Porous Adsorbents as Environmentally Approach for Greenhouse Gas Capture 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Classification of Porous Materials 12.3 Recyclability Routes of Biomass to Porous Carbons 12.4 Activation Routes Processes 12.5 CO2 Capture in Recyclable Porous Carbon Materials 12.6 CO2 Capture Mechanism in Porous Carbons 12.7 Prospects and Outlooks 12.8 Conclusion Acknowledgements References
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