Predicting Heart Failure. Группа авторов. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Группа авторов
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Медицина
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119813033
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ultrasound of the heart that provides moving pictures capable of identifying the structure and function of the heart. It is more effective and efficient than ECG for detecting heart disease. ECG mainly provides information on the rhythm of the heart and involves a lengthy procedure compared to the an echocardiogram which involves a quick test that can be done in 5 minutes. An echocardiogram helps to visualize the heart beating and pumping blood, and aids the identification of heart disease. Providing information about heart functioning by measuring heart rate and rhythm, ECG is the preliminary test for detecting heart problems; any abnormality found here demands further diagnostic tests like an echocardiogram. Moreover, defects in heart valves are often undetected by ECG and the echocardiogram is the more preferred method for detecting valvular heart diseases. The echocardiogram is more efficient, but expensive compared to ECG.

      2.5 Artificial Intelligence for Assisting Clinical Cardiac Examination

      In the case of cardiac examination, AI is mostly integrated for processing the physiological readings obtained from echocardiography, electrocardiography, and cardiac computed tomography (CT). Various image processing, signal processing, and computer vision algorithms are utilized in the literature to predict the cardiac condition using physiological values obtained in these three procedures.

      2.5.1 AI in Echocardiography

      2.5.2 AI in Electrocardiography

      Electrocardiography has a high impact in detecting abnormalities in heart rhythm. Most of the existing machine learning applications based on ECG focus on classification of electrical signals to spot abnormal activity in the heart. With today’s availability of ECG in small portable devices such as smartwatches, AI integration helps patients to monitor their heartbeat levels and detect any abnormalities that might require seeing a doctor or having further tests.

      2.5.3 AI in CT

      CT scans are mainly used to view parts of the body in detail. In the case of a cardiac CT scan, it displays the heart and the blood vessels clearly which helps experts to diagnose or detect any abnormality. CT scans can detect the early signs of heart disease by scanning the heart’s arteries for any calcified plaque formation to create a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, which has been proven to be a strong predictor for CVDs (Figure 2.9).

      The data captured by a CT scan generates a 3D model of a patient’s heart. Cardiac segmentation in chest CT images