Predicting Heart Failure. Группа авторов. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Группа авторов
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Медицина
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119813033
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of the test gives information about heart health and helps to gather information about heart arrhythmias. Echocardiography outputs have been used with both machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms [8].

      Computed imaging (tomography) is used to detect other diseases as well as in HF. It creates three-dimensional (3D) images that can show the obstructions in our main vessels with the help of a computer system. Through computed tomography, testing can be performed, especially for aortic disease.

      The exercise test works with skin-attached electrodes and a monitor recording a person’s heart function while walking on a treadmill. Many aspects of heart function can be checked, including heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, ECG, and how tired someone is while exercising. This test is particularly helpful in diagnosing CAD and is also used to predict heart attack risk. It helps diagnose the possible cause of symptoms such as chest pain (angina).

      1.4 Computer-Aided Diagnosis

      1.4.1 Clinical Decision Support Systems

      There is a need to develop a system in order to collect patient data and make diagnoses based on them. These systems are generally called decision support systems. Decision support systems work by analyzing the data collected from the terminal units in accordance with the needs in the center to support decision making and presenting the results. Decision support systems can sometimes be developed for the field of health and sometimes for another field. Regardless of the field, the task of decision support systems is to infer with the help of the collected data and the rules at hand.

      A decision support system is a software that helps decision making and works based on the ruleset. The rule set can be in the form of simple IF-THEN rules or a more complex structure. Rule sets can be created with the help of expert knowledge or with models that learn from data. Comparing the event that occurred with the rules in the rule set determines which rule triggered the situation. Thus, whichever rule is triggered by the situation to produce the result, the output of the decision support system will be consistent.

      Decision support systems are systems that help to decide about a situation. A system that will decide on HF takes the patient’s measurements as input and provides information about the risk of HF as output. The system’s inputs are sometimes the information coming from the IoT devices and sometimes the data that has been entered manually. For example, based on heart rate and blood values, it will be possible to predict whether there will be HF. At this point, we come across systems based on machine learning and knowledge. In machine learning based systems, data classification is carried out with the help of models trained with historical data. As a result of the classification, there might or might not be an indicated risk of HF.

      1.5 Diagnosis with Artificial Intelligence Methods

      1.5.1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

      Artificial intelligence is the name of the general discipline that combines software and hardware studies. It includes designing systems that act like a human, learning and making decisions like humans. Scientists have been curious about artificial intelligence since the 1950s and there is increasing interest in it. It has become an even more important discipline with the developments in information technologies. The focus on developing systems that exhibit human-like behavior has already attained this goal in some areas. Examining the recent history of artificial intelligence shows that machine learning algorithms and then deep learning algorithms have led to striking developments. For example, thanks to natural language processing, systems that produce