20 16 Safety, Challenges, and Research Needs 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Implications of Food Printing 16.3 Applicability and Storability 16.4 Food Safety Considerations 16.5 Legal Framework and Regulations 16.6 Challenges and Research Needs 16.7 Conclusion References
21 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Common slicing software used in 3D printing.Table 1.2 List of online sources for downloading 3D models.Table 1.3 Different scanning technologies.Table 1.4 Software used for repairing STL file after 3D scanning.
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Classification of food hydrocolloids.
3 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Summary of the mechanism of printability of natively printable mat...
4 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Summary of the role of commercially important hydrocolloids in foo...Table 7.2 Printability of the traditional food materials.
5 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Recent trends on the market growth rate of alternative proteins.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Schematic representation of subtractive and additive manufacturin...Figure 1.2 Workflow of 3D printing process.Figure 1.3 Prospects of 3D food printing.Figure 1.4 Value chain of 3D food printing. (a) consumer buying 3D printed f...Figure 1.5 Illustration of printing movements in various printer configurati...Figure 1.6 Operation of delta type 3D printer. (a) Illustration of printing ...Figure 1.7 Stepper motor and its controlling mechanism.Figure 1.8 Common STL errors.
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Classification of AM technologies.Figure 2.2 Schematic view of CARK food 3D printer.Figure 2.3 Schematic diagram of typical extrusion‐based 3D printing.Figure 2.4 Different types of extrusion mechanism (a) piston‐based extrusion...Figure 2.5 3D printed samples using dual extrusion of different internal str...Figure 2.6 3D printing of material supply using multi‐head 3D food printer M...Figure 2.7 Hot‐melt extrusion of complex 3D geometry bunny using chocolate....Figure 2.8 3D printed wheat starch hydrogels.Figure 2.9 Schematic diagram of selective laser printing.Figure 2.10 3D printed sugar constructs using sintering process (a) 2D patte...Figure 2.11 Schematic diagram of inkjet printing.Figure 2.12 Schematic diagram of binder jetting.Figure 2.13 Steps involved in 3D bioprinting process.Figure 2.14 Schematic representation of integration of 3D printing with plan...Figure 2.15 Schematic diagram of 3D bioprinting.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Schematic representation of gelation mechanism of starch granules...Figure 3.2 Schematic representation of sintering process.Figure 3.3 Confocal micrographs of cheese sample showing distribution of fat...Figure 3.4 Multi‐material 3D printed meat (a) Raw and cooked samples, (b) 3D...Figure 3.5 Effect of particle size on 3D printing of fibrous spinach powder ...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Sensory evaluation of 3D printed rice starch of varied printing c...Figure 4.2 Effect of calcium content on critical shear rate of the model che...Figure 4.3 Steady shear rheology of egg yolk and egg white material supplies...Figure 4.4 Dynamic oscillatory rheology of chicken‐based material supply. (a...Figure 4.5 Temperature sweep plot of model cheese. (a) Storage modulus and l...Figure 4.6 Window of dimensional stability of different material supplies ba...Figure 4.7 Oscillatory stress sweep measurements for different material supp...Figure 4.8 Complex viscosity of chicken‐based material supply.Figure 4.9 Rheological analysis of milk protein composite gel. (a) Thixotrop...Figure 4.10 Comparison of the relative Young's modulus of the 3D printed pec...Figure 4.11 Testing of snap‐ability of 3D printed chocolates. (a) Illustrati...Figure 4.12 Three‐dimensional plot showing the effects of