Table of Contents
1 Cover
4 Preface
5 1 Motivation and Background: RF Switches and the Need for a Non-Volatile RF Switch 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Requirements and definition of a switch at RF and microwave frequencies 1.3. Review of RF and microwave switching technologies 1.4. State of the art of CBRAM/MIM RF switching technology 1.5. Demand for a non-volatile RF switch and selection of CBRAM/MIM technology 1.6. Conclusion
6 2 Real-World Implementation Challenges of a Low-Cost Non-Volatile RF Switch 2.1. Introduction 2.2. CBRAM-based fully passive solid-state RF switch on classic RF substrates: design and process optimization 2.3. Electrical equivalent model analysis 2.4. Effect of filament resistance of CBRAM switches on RF transmission 2.5. Time stability, switching cycles and other interesting features 2.6. Fabrication technique for realization of CBRAM/MIM RF switches on flexible substrates 2.7. Application example: design and realization of solid-state non-volatile SPDT switch 2.8. Conclusion
7 3 Solid-State Rewritable Chipless RFID Tags: Electronically Rewritable RF Barcodes 3.1. Introduction: chipless RFID technology 3.2. Chipless RFID reader system used in this experiment 3.3. Realization of solid-state electronically rewritable chipless RFID tags 3.4. Effect of CBRAM/MIM filament resistance on RCS characteristics of presented electronically rewritable resonators 3.5. Electrical equivalent model of electronically rewritable chipless RFID tags 3.6. Discussion of data encoding strategies for electronically rewritable chipless RFID tags based on CBRAM/MIM technology 3.7. Advantages of using integrated CBRAM/MIM switches for chipless RFID applications 3.8. Conclusion
8 4 Fully Passive Solid-State Electronically Reconfigurable Filter and Antenna Models 4.1. Introduction 4.2. CBRAM-MIM switches for electronically reconfigurable filter applications 4.3. MIM switches for electronically pattern reconfigurable antenna applications 4.4. Advantages of using proposed CBRAM RF switch technology for reconfigurable antenna and filter applications 4.5. Conclusion
10 Appendix A.1. Observation of conductive filament formation in CBRAM/MIM switching cells
11 References
12 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Ohmic contact type MEMS RF switch in series configurationFigure 1.2. Capacitive contact type MEMS RF switch in shunt configuration on a C...Figure 1.3. PIN diode: (a) layer architecture of a typical PIN diode; (b) electr...Figure 1.4. Application of PIN diodes as switches in RF circuit: (a) series mode...Figure 1.5. Simplified layer architecture of an N-channel field effect transisto...Figure 1.6. Application of FETs as RF switches in a single pole double throw (SP...Figure 1.7. Concept of relation among electric charge (q), magnetic flux (ϕ), vo...Figure 1.8. Illustration of crystalline (low resistance) to amorphous (high resi...Figure 1.9. Topology of a phase change material-based RF switch on a co-planar t...Figure 1.10. Layer architecture of a typical CBRAM/MIM switch and its working me...Figure 1.11. Nanoionics-based RF switch (redrawn from Nessel et al. 2008). (a) T...Figure 1.12. RF performance characteristics of nanoionics-based RF switch shown ...Figure 1.13. Nanoscale memristive RF switch (redrawn from Pi et al. 2015). (a) T...Figure 1.14. RF performance characteristic of memristive RF switch, shown in Fig...Figure 1.15. Core areas of application of a non-volatile RF switch. For a color ...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. (a) The conductive bridging CBRAM/MIM switch, (b) SET, (c) RESET and...Figure 2.2. Filament formation in a copper–nafion–aluminum planar CBRAM/MIM swit...Figure 2.3. A general comparison of CBRAM technology with other well-established...Figure 2.4. Chemical structure of nafionFigure 2.5. Photograph of copper-nafion-aluminum CBRAM/MIM switch on FR-4 substr...Figure 2.6. DC pulse waveform used to operate CBRAM/MIM switchesFigure 2.7. First 130 switching cycles of one typical cell of copper-nafion-alum...Figure 2.8. The shunt mode CPW RF switch. The MIM switch is integrated by sandwi...Figure 2.9. Cross-section view of the CPW shunt mode RF switch showing the MIM s...Figure 2.10. Simulated S-parameters (full wave) of CBRAM/MIM-based 50 Ω CPW shun...Figure 2.11. Possible fragile soft spots and step discontinuity due