The right of Ian Peate to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial Office 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for:
Names: Peate, Ian, author.
Title: Anatomy and physiology for nursing and healthcare students at a glance / Ian Peate.
Other titles: Anatomy and physiology for nurses at a glance | At a glance series (Oxford, England)
Description: 2nd edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2022. | Series: At a glance series | Preceded by: Anatomy and physiology for nurses at a glance / Ian Peate, Muralitharan Nair. 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022007589 (print) | LCCN 2022007590 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119757207 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119757214 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119757221 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Anatomy | Physiological Phenomena | Handbook | Nurses Instruction
Classification: LCC QP40 (print) | LCC QP40 (ebook) | NLM QS 39 | DDC 612.0076–dc23/eng/20220222
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022007589
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022007590
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © SEBASTIAN KAULITZKI/Getty Images, PIXOLOGICSTUDIO/Getty Images
Preface
I am delighted to have been asked to provide a second edition of Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students at a Glance. This popular revision aid has retained the user‐friendly approach that includes bite‐sized pieces of information and full‐colour diagrams that help students retain, recall and apply facts to their practice.
All health and care providers aim to offer care that is safe and effective. In order to care effectively for people (sick or well), it is essential to have an understanding of and insight into anatomy and physiology.
The human body is composed of organic and inorganic molecules organised at a variety of structural levels; despite this, an individual should be seen and treated in a holistic manner. If the healthcare professional is to provide appropriate and timely care, it is essential that they are able to recognise illness, take prompt action to deliver effective treatment and refer appropriately, ensuring that the person they offer care and support to is at the centre of all that they do.
Healthcare professionals are required to demonstrate a sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology with the intention of providing safe and effective nursing care. This is often assessed as a part of a programme of study using a number of assessment techniques. The overall aim of this concise text is to provide an overview of anatomy and physiology and the related biological sciences that can help to develop your practical skills and improve your knowledge with the aim of you becoming a caring, knowledgeable and compassionate provider of care. It is anticipated that you will be able to deliver increasingly complex care for the people you care for when you understand how the body functions.
As you begin to appreciate how people respond or adapt to pathophysiological changes and stressors, you will be able to understand that people (regardless of their age) all have unique biological needs. The integration and application of evidence‐based theory to practice is a key component of effective and safe healthcare. However, this goal cannot be achieved without an understanding of anatomy and physiology.
An additional chapter has been introduced, Anatomical Terms, emphasising the importance of understanding and using the correct anatomical terminology when making a description of body parts as a shared method of communicating between health and care staff. This new edition also includes clinical practice points which aim to encourage readers to relate the theoretical concepts described to practice.
Anatomy is associated with the function of a living organism and as such it is almost always inseparable from physiology. Physiology is the science dealing with the study of the function of cells, tissues, organs and organisms; it is the study of life.
Ian Peate London
Abbreviations
ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormoneADH Antidiuretic hormoneANPAtrial natriuretic peptideANSAutonomic nervous systemATPAdenosine triphosphateAVAtrioventricularBBBBlood–brain barrierBPBlood pressureCa2+CalciumCCKCholecystokininClChlorideCNSCentral nervous systemCRHCorticotrophin‐releasing hormoneCSFCerebrospinal fluidCO2Carbon dioxideCRCCardioregulatory centreCSFCerebrospinal fluidDNADeoxyribonucleic acidEPOErythropoietinFSHFollicle‐stimulating hormoneGHGrowth hormoneGHRIFGrowth hormone release‐inhibiting factorH+ HydrogenH2OWaterHbHaemoglobinHCGHuman chorionic gonadotrophinHCLHydrochloric acidHRHeart rateK+ PotassiumkPaKilopascalMg2+ MagnesiummmHgMillimetres of mercurymRNAMessenger ribonucleic acidNa+ SodiumNH3 AmmoniaO2 OxygenPCAPosterior cerebral arteryPCO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxidePCTProximal convoluted tubulepHA measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solutionPNSParasympathetic nervous systemPO2 Partial pressure of oxygenPRHProlactin‐releasing hormoneRBCRed blood cellRERRough endoplasmic reticulumRNARibonucleic acidrRNARibosomal ribonucleic acidSASinoatrialSERSmooth endoplasmic reticulumSNSSympathetic nervous systemtRNATransfer ribonucleic acidTSHThyroid‐stimulating hormoneWBCWhite blood cell
Acknowledgements