Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy. James G. Speight

A-9 Octane number (motor method).Table A-10 Selected physical and chemical properties of methanol, ethanol, and g...Table A-11 Fuel properties of methanol and ethanol compared to the properties of...Table A-12 Properties of selected alicyclic hydrocarbon derivatives.Table A-13 Physical properties of n-paraffins.Table A-14 Physical properties of selected branched paraffins.Table A-15 Physical properties of selected olefins.Table A-16 Physical properties of n-paraffins.Table A-17 Physical properties of selected branched paraffins.Table A-18 Physical properties of selected olefins.Table A-19 Amines (olamines) used for gas processing.Table A-20 Schematic of the anaerobic digestion process.Table A-21 Summary of most common chemical reactions in the anaerobic digestion ...Table A-22 Measurement of the apparent density of materials.Table A-23 Sources of non-oceanic water and water systems.Table A-24 Common constituents of fly ash (% w/w).Table A-25 Properties of biomass and other fuel sources.Table A-26 Approximate Composition of the Atmosphere.

      3 Chapter 2Table B-1 Non-basic and basic nitrogen types.Table B-2 Explanation of the baumé gravity scale.Table B-3 Biomass conversion processes.Table B-4 Composition of various oils and fats used for biodiesel production.Table B-5 Comparison of properties of biodiesel from various sources.Table B-6 Specifications for diesel and biodiesel (ASTM).Table B-7 Schematic of the catalytic transesterification process for biodiesel p...Table B-8 Examples of bioether derivatives used in fuels.Table B-9 Example of sources and use of biomass for energy products.Table B-10 General classification of biofuels.Table B-11 The composition of gas from various carbonaceous fuels.Table B-12 Energy content of various gases.Table B-13 Comparison of different biogas feedstocks.Table B-14 Major categories of biomass feedstocks.Table B-15 Sources, processing options, and uses of biomass-derived products*.Table B-16 Selected properties of representative biomass materials.Table B-17 Bulk composition of different biomass type (% w/w, dry basis).Table B-18 Elemental composition, ash production, and heat content of biomass ty...Table B-19 Composition of black liquor.Table B-20 Composition of synthesis gas from biomass gasification.Table B-21 Approximate composition of herbaceous biomass gas from different sour...Table B-22 A general flow scheme for biomass conversion by pyrolysis.Table B-23 Conversion of biomass to fuels.Table B-24 Routes to liquid fuels from biomass.Table B-25 Examples of the yield of bio-oil by pyrolysis from agricultural resid...Table B-26 Representation of the conversion of biomass into fuels.Table B-27 Typical properties and composition of bio-oil*.Table B-28 Simplified illustration of bio-oil upgrading.Table B-29 Simplified representation of a biorefinery.Table B-30 Simplified representation of a biorefinery.Table B-31 The defend isomers of butene (C₄H₈).

      4 Chapter 3Table C-1 Amount (% w/w) of cellulose and hemicellulose in various sources *.Table C-2 The ultimate and proximate analysis of cellulose, lignin, and lignocel...Table C-3 Characteristics of charcoal briquettes.Table C-4 Examples of the chemicals that can be obtained from lignocellulosic bi...Table C-5 Routes for the production of chemicals in a biorefinery.Table C-6 Approximate composition of the atmosphere.Table C-7: General groups of clay minerals.Table C-8 Approximate sizes of the various rock types.Table C-9 Categorization of resources and reserves.Table C-10 The main components of the Earth system.Table C-11 Categorization of resources and reserves.Table C-12 Types of cycloalkanes.

      5 Chapter 4Table D-1 Examples of glycol derivatives used for dehydration of gas streams.Table D-2 Examples of phase transformations.Table D-3 The Isotopes of Hydrgoen.Table D-4 Examples of the types of organic chemical waste.

      6 Chapter 5Table E-1 Examples of the selected properties of E85 and crude oil-based gasolin...Figure E-1 Representation of an endothermic reaction in which the heat content o...Table E-2 Examples of the properties of straw and energy crops.Table E-3 General sub-divisions of energy sources.Table E-4 Selected properties of ethanol compared to methanol.Figure E-2 Ethanol production for lignocellulosic biomass.Table E-5 Examples of phase transformations.Figure E-3 Representation of an exothermic reaction in which the heat content of...

      7 Chapter 6Table F-1 Examples of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Table F-2 Percentage of fatty acid types for different oils.Table F-3 Examples of the structural characteristics of selected fatty acids.Table F-4 Range of Potential Fischer-Tropsch Products.Table F-5 The NFPA system for flammability rating.Table F-6 US DOT classification of flammable materials.Table F-7 General description of fuel types.Table F-1 General properties of functional group compounds.

      8 Chapter 7Table G-1 Summary of processes used for gas cleaning.Table G-2 Common methods for the removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide ...Table G-3 General properties and description of gaseous fuels.Table G-4 Common terminology used to describe gases fuels.Table G-5 Properties of gaseous (C₁-C₄) paraffin hydrocarbons.Table G-6 General guidelines for fuel requirements for different gasifier types.Table G-7 Empirically determined values for the constants a and b.Table