16 Conclusion
18 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Collaboration of several stakeholders around a BIM modelFigure 1.2. The BIM meta-conceptFigure 1.3. BIM is in the lifecycle of a building. For a color version of this f...Figure 1.4. Visualization of a BIM model using augmented reality. For a color ve...Figure 1.5. The Level of Detail associated with “Mipmaps” (Clark 1976)Figure 1.6. The five levels of detail in CityGML 2.0 (OGC 2012)Figure 1.7. Representation of LoDs according to the stage of the BIM project. Fo...Figure 1.8. The four levels of maturity of collaborative modeling practices (ins...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Principle of a 3D scan by lasergrammetryFigure 2.2. Example of a 3D scene captured in an indoor environment (Cai et al. ...Figure 2.3. Characteristic line survey by total station. For a color version of ...Figure 2.4. Fusion of laser/photogrammetric data and tacheometric surveys for 3D...Figure 2.5. 3D acquisition approachesFigure 2.6. Different point cloud acquisition techniques at different scales. Fo...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Processing chain from a point cloud to a 3D model. For a color versi...Figure 3.2. Consolidation and georeferencing of a point cloud. For a color versi...Figure 3.3. Pre-processing of point clouds by cleaning. For a color version of t...Figure 3.4. The principle of segmentation. For a color version of this figure, s...Figure 3.5. Segmentation approachesFigure 3.6. Ground/above ground segmentation. For a color version of this figure...Figure 3.7. Semantic segmentation/classification of a scene. For a color version...Figure 3.8. Parametric modeling of a BIM object. For a color version of this fig...Figure 3.9. Classification of a point cloud in an indoor environment. For a colo...Figure 3.10. The notion of space in IFC. For a color version of this figure, see...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Relationship between OGC and other geospatial information standards ...Figure 4.2. LandInfra classes grouped into InfraGML parts (OGC 2016). For a colo...Figure 4.3. RoadElement diagram (OGC 2016). For a color version of this figure, ...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. The GeoBIM concept. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste...Figure 5.2. Differences between BIM and GIS. For a color version of this figure,...Figure 5.3. Schema integration approaches Schema unification/federation approachFigure 5.4. Ontology-based approach Schema matching approachFigure 5.5. Schema matching – “Read–Write” process. For a color version of this ...Figure 5.6. Georeferencing options in IFC through “LoGeoRef” (inspired by Noardo...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. BIM and 3D GIS integration for real estate valuation. For a color ve...Figure 6.2. Internal factors for assessing the value of a property. For a color ...Figure 6.3. Cost estimation from an IFC model
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. Principle of semantic segmentation. For a color version of this figu...Figure 7.2. The process of creating a 3D urban model from LiDAR point clouds. Fo...Figure 7.3. The five levels of detail (LOD) defined by CityGML (OGC, 2012). For ...Figure 7.4. General methodology of our approach. For a color version of this fig...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Diagram of the methodological approach
List of Tables
1 Chapter 6Table 6.1. Potential use cases for BIM and 3D GIS in real estate assessment
2 Chapter 7Table 7.1. Advantages and disadvantages of semantic segmentation techniques of L...
Guide
1 Cover
5 Preface
10 Conclusion
12 Index
Pages
1 v
2 iii
3 iv
4 xi
5 xiii
6 xiv
7 xv
8 xvi
9 xvii
10 xviii
11 xix
12 xx
13 xxi