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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Sen, Kalyan K., author. | Sen, Mey Ling, author.
Title: Power flow control solutions for a modern grid using SMART power flow controllers / Kalyan K. Sen, PhD, PE, MBA, FIEEE, Mey Ling Sen, MEE, MIEEE, Sen Engineering Solutions, Inc.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2021] | Series: IEEE press series on power engineering | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021031547 (print) | LCCN 2021031548 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119824350 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119824367 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119824381 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Electric current regulators. | Electric power systems―Control. | Smart power grids. | Electric power Transmission.
Classification: LCC TK2851 .S48 2021 (print) | LCC TK2851 (ebook) | DDC 621.31―dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021031547 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021031548
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: (Center) Courtesy of Kalyan Sen; (top) © Sam Robinson/Getty Images
To our family, friends,and all our gurus who brought us to this point.
Authors’ Biographies
Kalyan K. Sen was born in Bankura, West Bengal, India. He received BEE (first class honors, 1982), MSEE (1983), and PhD degrees (1987), all in Electrical Engineering, from Jadavpur University (India), Tuskegee University (USA), and Worcester Polytechnic Institute (USA), respectively. He also received an MBA (2012) from Robert Morris University (USA). He is the President and Chief Technology Officer of Sen Engineering Solutions, Inc. (www.sentransformer.com). From 1987 to 1990, he was an Assistant Professor at Prairie View A&M University. From 1990 to 2020, he worked mostly at Westinghouse and its successor companies in the United States, except during 1999–2001 when he worked at ABB in Sweden. He was a key member of the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) development team at Westinghouse Science & Technology Center for which he became a Westinghouse Fellow Engineer. He contributed to the concept development, simulation, design, and commissioning of FACTS projects at Westinghouse since their inceptions in the 1990s. He conceived some of the basic concepts in power flow control technology for which he was elevated to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Fellow grade with the citation: for the development and application of power flow control technology.
Kalyan has authored or coauthored more than 25 peer‐reviewed publications, 8 issued patents, 2 books, and 3 book chapters in the areas of power flow control and power electronics. He is the coauthor of the book titled, Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Theory, Modeling, and Applications, IEEE Press and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2009, which is also published in Chinese and Indian (English) paperback editions. This book is used in universities and industries worldwide. His interests are in power converters, control systems, electrical machines, and power system simulations and studies. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in Pennsylvania and New York. He also served as a Fulbright Specialist (sponsored by the U.S. Government) and Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN) Scholar (sponsored by the Government of India). He is an individual member of CIGRE.
Kalyan has served many organizations. He has been serving as an IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES) Distinguished Lecturer since 2002. In that capacity, he has given presentations on power flow control technology more than 150 times in 15 countries. He is an AdCom Member of the Power Electronics Society (PELS) and serves as the PELS Regions 1‐6 Chair. He is the IEEE Division II Representative to the Board of Governors of Society on Social Implications of Technology (SSIT) and serves as the Chapters Committee Chair. He also serves as the Chair of IEEE Pittsburgh SSIT Chapter. In 2003, he reestablished the Pittsburgh Chapters of the PES and the Industry Applications Society (IAS). Both Chapters received the “Outstanding Large Chapter” awards for their activities in 2004. He served as the Founding Chair of IEEE Pittsburgh PELS Chapter that received the Best Chapter Award in 2015. Under his Chairmanship, the IEEE Pittsburgh Section received the “Outstanding Large Section” award for its activities in 2005. He served as an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery from 2002 to 2007. He served as the Technical Program Chair of the 2008 PES General Meeting in Pittsburgh, and the Chapters and Sections Activities Track Chair at the 2008 IEEE Sections Congress in Quebec City, Canada. He has served as the Special Events Chair of the IEEE Pittsburgh Section for a decade. He received the IEEE Pittsburgh Section Outstanding Volunteer Service Award and Power & Energy Society Outstanding Engineer Award (2004). He is a Distinguished Toastmaster (DTM) who led District 13 of Toastmasters International (TI) as its Governor to be the 10th‐ranking District in the world in 2007–2008. He has been serving as a Boy Scouts of America Leader for almost a decade.
Mey Ling Sen was born in Aruba, Dutch Caribbean. She received BSEE (high distinction, 1988) and MEE (1990) degrees from Worcester Polytechnic Institute (USA) and Rice University (USA), respectively. As an Engineering Consultant, she worked at ABB and Westinghouse/CW. She is the Co‐Founder and Chief Operating Officer of Sen Engineering Solutions, Inc. She is the co‐inventor of the Sen Transformer, which is used as a Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time‐bound (SMART) Power Flow Controller that is based on functional requirements and a cost‐effective solution. Her interests are in power electronics, electrical machines, and electric power engineering.
As a member of IEEE, she has served the Pittsburgh Chapters of PES and IAS in various positions, including Chapter Chair. Both Chapters received the “Outstanding Large Chapter” awards for their activities in 2008 and 2009, respectively. She also served IEEE Pittsburgh Section as the Treasurer in 2012 and Chair of Women in Engineering in 2016 and 2018–2019. She has been serving as the Special Events Chair of the IEEE Pittsburgh Section since 2020. She received IEEE Pittsburgh Section Power & Energy Society Outstanding Engineer Award (2018). She is a Distinguished Toastmaster (DTM). She served as the TI’s President’s Distinguished Area Governor in 2007–2008.
Technical Reviewers
J. M. DeSalvo
A. Parsotam
B. Shperling
Foreword
This book is a product of the authors’ five decades of combined experiences in the research and development of power flow control technology. The traditional power grid as we know it is changing drastically. Mega‐sized wind and solar projects are being integrated into the traditional majority carbon‐based power grid in order to curb the production of greenhouse gases significantly.
Power systems of today were designed based on central generating stations and transmission and distribution lines