Dr Catharine P. Cross
School of Psychology & Neuroscience
University of St. Andrews
South Street
St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP
United Kingdom
Professor Dr Jörg-Peter Ewert
Universität Kassel
Fachbereich Naturwissenschaften
Abteilung Zoologie/Physiologie, Neurobiologie
Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40
D-34132 Kassel
Germany
Professor David Fraser
Animal Welfare Program
Faculty of Land and Food Systems
University of British Columbia
2357 Main Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V6T 1Z4
Professor Luc-Alain Giraldeau
Institut national de la recherche scientifique
490, rue de la Couronne
Québec QC
Canada G1K 9A9
Professor Geoffrey Hall
Department of Psychology
University of York
York YO10 5DD
United Kingdom
Professor Robert A. Hinde, FRS†
St. John’s College
Cambridge CB2 1TP
United Kingdom
Professor Jerry A. Hogan
Department of Psychology
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
Canada M5S 3G3
Professor Kimberly Kirkpatrick
Director, Cognitive and Neurobiological Approaches to Plasticity Center
Department of Psychological Sciences
Kansas State University
496 Bluemont Hall
Manhattan, KS 66506
USA
Professor Kevin N. Laland
Centre for Biological Diversity
School of Biology
University of St. Andrews
Sir Harold Mitchell Building
St. Andrews
Fife KY16 9TF
United Kingdom
Professor Ralph E. Mistlberger
Department of Psychology
Simon Fraser University
8888 University Drive
Burnaby, British Columbia
Canada V5A 1S6
Dr Anders Pape Møller
Directeur de Recherche
Ecologie Systématique Evolution
Université Paris-Saclay
CNRS, AgroParisTech
F-91405 Orsay Cedex
France
Professor Pierre-Olivier Montiglio
Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Comportementale et Animale
Département des Sciences Biologiques
Université du Québec à Montréal
CP 8888, succursale centre-ville
Montréal, Québec,
Canada H3C 3P8
Professor Stephen Nowicki
Department of Biology
Duke University
130 Science Drive
Durham, NC 27708
USA
Professor Denis Réale
Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Comportementale et Animale
Département des Sciences Biologiques
Université du Québec à Montréal
CP 8888, succursale centre-ville
Montréal, Québec,
Canada H3C 3P8
Professor Benjamin Rusak
Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology & Neuroscience
Dalhousie University
5909 Veterans Memorial Lane
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Canada B3H 2E2
Professor Michael J. Ryan
Department of Integrative Biology
University of Texas
Austin, TX 78712
USA
Professor William A. Searcy
Department of Biology
University of Miami
Coral Gables, FL 33124
USA
Professor David F. Sherry
Advanced Facility for Avian Research
Departments of Psychology and Biology
Western University
1393 Western Road
London, ON
Canada N6G 1G9
Professor Ian Tattersall
Division of Anthropology
American Museum of Natural History
New York, NY 10024
USA
Professor Daniel M. Weary
Animal Welfare Program
Faculty of Land and Food Systems
University of British Columbia
2357 Main Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
foreword
ROBERT A. HINDE
Writing a foreword for such a stimulating series of chapters, which represent the state of animal behavior studies at this time, is a considerable responsibility. Perhaps I can do best by looking not forward, as might seem appropriate, but backward, and thus attempt to provide a context for the chapters that follow. Of course it cannot be a fully objective backward view, because I am looking from where I am now, and what I see is biased by my own experience. It is bound also to involve simplification. But I hope that it will provide a useful perspective.
In the early decades of the twentieth century, most studies of animal behavior fell into two groups. In one were the naturalists, mostly amateurs, without scientific pretensions but with a long tradition stretching back beyond the nineteenth century. In the other were the psychologists, producing an increasing body of data and theory mostly concerned with learning processes. Of course