27 Appendix G: Bending and Expanding of Pipes and Tubes G.1 TEMA Requirements for U‐Tube Thinning G.2 ASME B31 Code Requirements for Tube Thickness at U‐Bends G.3 Expansion of Tubes into Tubesheet Holes References
28 Appendix H: Dimensions of Some Commonly Used Bolts and Their Required Minimum Spacing
29 Appendix I: Shackles Reference
30 Appendix J: Shears, Moments, and Deflections of Beams Case 1. Simply supported beam – concentrated load at center Case 2. Simply supported beam – concentrated load at any point Case 3. Cantilever beam – concentrated load at free end Case 4. Cantilever beam – concentrated load at any point Case 5. Simply supported beam – uniformly distributed load Case 6. Cantilever beam – uniformly distributed load Case 7. Beam overhanging two supports‐uniformly distributed load
31 Appendix K: Commonly Used Terminology K.1 Glossary K.2 Acronyms and Other Letter Designations
32 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Unified Numbering System (UNS) designationsTable 2.2 Chemical composition of SA‐516 Grade 70 platesTable 2.3 Cost of various steelsTable 2.4 Designation of aluminum with additional elementsTable 2.5 Various tempers of aluminumTable 2.6 Levels of strain hardeningTable 2.7 Level of thermal treatmentTable 2.8 Copper alloy UNS numbering systemTable 2.9 Hardness reductions in areaTable 2.10 Temper designationsTable 2.11 Annealed conditionsTable 2.12 Some tempers by grain sizeTable 2.13 Some cold worked tempersTable 2.14 Some cold worked and stress relieved tempersTable 2.15 Some as‐manufactured tempersTable 2.16 Some heat treated tempersTable 2.17 Some specialized heat treated tempersTable 2.18 Some welded tube tempersTable 2.19 Some nickel alloy cross references and temperature limitsTable 2.20 Approximate cost of various nonferrous alloys compared to carbon...Table 2.21 Approximate density of various alloysTable 2.22 Sample material requisition form
2 Chapter 4Table 4.1 ASME‐1 [1] equations for calculating forming strainsTable 4.2 Brake forming loads
3 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Some welding comparisons
4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Listing of essential, supplementary essential, and nonessential va...Table 8.2 Suggested form for welding procedure specifications (front) [1]Table 8.3 Groove‐Weld Tension Tests and Transverse‐Bend Tests [1]Table 8.4 Essential welding variables for welder performance [1]
5 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Differences between flanged‐and‐flued and bellows expansion joints
6 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Properties of some industrial coatings
7 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Manufacturer’s Data Report, U‐1 Form
8 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Comparison of some selected NDE methods
9 Appendix FTable F.1 Pipe propertiesTable F.2 Tube properties
10 Appendix ITable I.1 Sample Loads and Dimensions for Chain Shackles (Source: Crosby Gen...Table I.2 Sample Loads and Dimensions for Anchor Shackles (Source: Crosby Ge...Table I.3 Load Reduction Factors for Side‐Loaded Shackles with Size Up to 3 ...Table I.4 Load Reduction Factors for Side Loaded Shackles with Size Larger T...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Outside machining of a hemispherical headFigure 1.2 A vessel fabricated with a heavy wall to minimize cost Figure 1.3 Side views of the vessel in Figure 1.2
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Carbon and low alloy steelsFigure 2.2 Stainless steelFigure 2.3 Aluminum alloyFigure 2.4 Copper alloyFigure 2.5 Nickel alloyFigure 2.6 Titanium alloyFigure 2.7 Zirconium alloyFigure 2.8 Tantalum alloyFigure 2.9 Sample mill test report Figure 2.10 Samples of gasket types: (a) rubber o‐ring (b) C‐ring (c) metal ...Figure 2.11 Gasket dimensions. (a) o‐ring, (b) Flat gasket, (c) Lens ringFigure 2.12 Use of keystock to create support for an o‐ring
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Projections of a cylinder. (a) Cylinder cut at an angle for creat...Figure 3.2 Flat plate layout for concentric coneFigure 3.3 Layout of a concentric square‐to‐round transition pieceFigure 3.4 Formed angleFigure 3.5 Plate layout for rolling, with rolling templateFigure 3.6 Plate layout for formed channel for vessel saddleFigure 3.7 Plate layout illustrating opposite direction bendsFigure 3.8 Plate layout for bump rolling ends of plateFigure 3.9 Plate layout for shearing plate rectangle from larger plate
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Test sample showing change