13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Overview of the avian gastrointestinal tract. (a) Crop, (b) prov...Figure 13.2 The proventriculus (P), isthmus (arrow), and the large and muscu...Figure 13.3 A duodenal loop (a) showing pancreas (b) within the loop. The bl...Figure 13.4 (a,b) Orthogonal radiographs of a double‐crested cormorant revea...Figure 13.5 For a proventriculotomy, (a) start the incision in a hypovascula...Figure 13.6 Use thumbs forceps for counter pressure to pass sutures to avoid...Figure 13.7 Orthogonal radiographs of an ostrich coelom revealing various fo...Figure 13.8 The stomach of an ostrich is exteriorized and sutured to the ski...Figure 13.9 Drawing of a cloacotomy visualizing the coprourodeal fold (cu), ...Figure 13.10 (a) Circumferential cloacal papillomatosis affecting the procto...Figure 13.11 Cloacal prolapse in a cockatoo.Figure 13.12 (a) Ventral midline and bilateral parasternal flap approach to ...Figure 13.13 (a) Dilated vent in a cockatoo with chronic cloacal prolapse. (...Figure 13.14 For placement of a duodenostomy feeding tube (a) the duodenum i...Figure 13.15 Pancreatic biopsy of the caudal edge of the ventral lobe. This ...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Correction of choanal atresia in an African grey parrot (Psittac...Figure 14.2 Knowledge of the anatomy and relationship of the infraorbital si...Figure 14.3 (a, b) Magnetic resonance imaging in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao)...Figure 14.4 To access the mass in the rostral diverticulum (or one in the ma...Figure 14.5 The defect in the beak was covered with a dental mesh that was t...Figure 14.6 To access the preorbital diverticulum of the avian infraorbital ...Figure 14.7 Leg cranial positioning of a pigeon (Columba livia) for air sac ...Figure 14.8 Leg caudal positioning of a pigeon (Columba livia) for air sac c...Figure 14.9 Hand position on hemostats to prevent overpenetration when creat...Figure 14.10 Positioning of a bird for tracheotomy to allow the best visuali...Figure 14.11 For an avian tracheostomy, (a) incise the skin on ventral midli...Figure 14.12 For an avian tracheotomy, (a) place stay sutures around the tra...Figure 14.13 (a) To remove a tracheal foreign body, gently remove the foreig...Figure 14.14 This crane had been intubated for anesthesia for a quarantine p...Figure 14.15 Multiple cartilage rings may need to be removed where a trachea...Figure 14.16 For an approach to the cranial coelom, (a) incise the skin over...Figure 14.17 To close the cranial coelom, reattach the wedge, by (a) passing...Figure 14.18 Bifid sternum in an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). ...Figure 14.19 To surgically correct bifid sternum in a bird, (a) carefully in...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Triangulation involves using a scope portal in the center and tw...Figure 15.2 Use a finger to push on the body wall while visualizing internal...Figure 15.3 A Sils™ Port (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) (single incision, sing...Figure 15.4 Exteriorize the mass (a) and perform an intestinal resection and...Figure 15.5 The entry point for avian endoscopy with the leg pulled over the...Figure 15.6 Once the coelomic cavity has been entered identify the liver (L)...Figure 15.7 Landmarks for scope portal placement (blue dot) for a lateral ap...Figure 15.8 For coelioscopy in chelonians, pull the hind limb caudally to al...Figure 15.9 Use cup biopsy forceps to obtain liver biopsies (a). The biopsy ...Figure 15.10 Obtain gastrointestinal biopsies using a scope‐assisted techniq...Figure 15.11 For laparoscopic ovariectomy using a three‐port technique, gras...Figure 15.12 Surgitie™ (Medtronic) is a suture loop on a stick that will pas...Figure 15.13 Intraoperative image of a juvenile cockatiel (Nymphicus holland...Figure 15.14 Endoscopic view during vasectomy of a male pigeon. (a) left tes...Figure 15.15 Intraoperative view of internal inguinal ring (a).The black...Figure 15.16 Sites for instrument and scope portals (blue dots) for castrati...Figure 15.17 Intraoperative thoracoscopic view of a primary lung tumor (a). ...
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Luxation of the elbow in a rabbit (a). It was successfully reduc...Figure 16.2 A pre‐operative radiograph showing an elbow luxation in a ferret...Figure 16.3 A radiographic image showing a traumatic lateral shoulder luxati...Figure 16.4 A cranial‐caudal view of a proximal tibia fracture in a juvenile...Figure 16.5 Bandaging materials commonly available in most veterinary clinic...Figure 16.6 Craniocaudal (a) and lateral (b) radiographic images of a fractu...Figure 16.7 A modified Schroeder–Thomas splint applied to stabilize an open ...Figure 16.8 Lateral (a) and craniocaudal (b) radiographic images of a chinch...Figure 16.9 A lateral radiographic image of a chinchilla with a distal diaph...Figure 16.10 A 4 hole 1.5 mm locking plate, locking screws, and drill guide ...Figure 16.11 (a) The IMEX 1.0 VetKISS microplating system and (b) cut‐to‐len...Figure 16.12 An IMEX mini SK External skeletal fixator with 1.6 mm half pins...Figure 16.13 A hybrid external skeletal fixator placed on a distal humeral f...Figure 16.14 A pre‐ and postoperative femur fracture in a juvenile raccoon s...Figure 16.15 Lateral radiographic image of a raccoon with a distal Salter–Ha...
17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Image of the gastrointestinal track of a rabbit. Approximately 1...Figure 17.2 Ventrodorsal (a) and lateral (b) images of a rabbit with a duode...Figure 17.3 Lateral radiograph of a rabbit with a single cystic calculus (a)...Figure 17.4 Transvesicular percutaneous cystolithotomy for removal of a sing...Figure 17.5 Radiographs of a male (a) and female (b) rabbit with a distal ur...Figure 17.6 The uterus of a rabbit with uterine adenocarcinoma. If it has no...Figure 17.7 The abdominal anatomy of a female rabbit after removal of the bo...Figure 17.8 Intraoperative image of a rabbit ovariohysterectomy. Note the co...Figure 17.9 The junction of the two uterine horns with the vaginal vault (a)...Figure 17.10 The uterine blood vessels (arrows) are located farther from the...Figure 17.11 While male rabbits have a large inguinal canal that allows the ...Figure 17.12 The genital anatomy of a male rabbit. The finger is pushing to ...Figure 17.13 For orchiectomy in a rabbit, the skin incision can be made cran...Figure 17.14 Open orchiectomy in a rabbit. The tunic has been incised and th...Figure 17.15 Closed orchiectomy in a rabbit. The ligament of the tail of the...Figure 17.16 Because the testes move freely into the abdomen, a caudal abdom...Figure 17.17 Lateral radiograph of a rabbit with a thymoma. The mass is disp...Figure 17.18 Intraoperative image of a lateral thoracotomy for a lung lobe a...Figure 17.19 Intraoperative images of a ventral midline thoracotomy in a rab...Figure 17.20 The anatomy of the lungs of a rabbit. (2) right cranial lobe; (...Figure 17.21 Intraoperative image of a rabbit undergoing exenteration for a ...Figure 17.22 Image of an intraocular abscess caused by Pasteurella multocidaFigure 17.23 Image of the anatomy of the ear canal of a rabbit.Figure 17.24 Facial nerve palsy in a rabbit with an abscess surrounding the ...Figure 17.25 Image from a CT scan of a rabbit with otitis media on the right...Figure 17.26 Intraoperative image of a rabbit undergoing a ventral bulla ost...Figure 17.27 A partial or subtotal ear canal ablation with lateral bulla ost...Figure 17.28 Rabbits do not have a horizontal ear canal and the tympanum is ...Figure 17.29 Intraoperative image of a rabbit with a maxillary abscess resul...
18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 The gastric lymph node, normally prominent in ferrets (arrow).Figure 18.2 The appearance of a normal ferret spleen.Figure 18.3 The urethral opening is located ventrally on the terminal curve ...Figure 18.4 Ferrets have little subcutaneous tissue and a wide linea alba as...Figure 18.5 This ferret had a very large left adrenal mass that appeared to ...Figure 18.6 This invasive right adrenal mass is wrapping around dorsal to an...Figure 18.7 Temporary balloon occlusion of the caudal vena cava in ferrets c...Figure 18.8 An insulinoma (arrow) in the right limb of the pancreas of a fer...Figure 18.9 This enlarged spleen in a five‐year‐old ferret was histologicall...Figure 18.10 A vessel‐sealing device being used for splenectomy in a ferret‐...Figure 18.11 Lateral radiograph of a ferret with radiographic evidence of an...Figure 18.12 Ultrasound transverse image of a segment of small intestine in ...Figure 18.13 Single‐layer simple continuous closure of a gastrotomy in a fer...Figure 18.14 Transverse closure of an enterotomy following removal of a fore...Figure 18.15 Ventrodorsal image of a ferret with gastric outflow obstruction...Figure 18.16 (a) A ferret with gastric outflow obstruction caused by a mass ...Figure 18.17 This ferret presented with a zygomatic mucocele following enucl...Figure 18.18 A male ferret with a prostatic cyst filled with green odiferous...Figure 18.19 Lateral abdominal radiograph of a ferret with a cystic calculus...Figure 18.20 A large preputial adenocarcinoma. Resection required wide margi...Figure 18.21 This ferret had a smaller preputial mass removed leaving the gl...Figure 18.22 Because of the strong odor of the anal sac secretions, for diss...Figure 18.23 A ferret with third‐degree heart block having a pacemaker place...
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 (A) The epididymal fat (b) is attached to the epididymis and ext...Figure 19.2 Histrichomorph rodents do not have a distinct scrotum and the te...Figure 19.3 (a) When performing