Figure 5.20 A goldfish (Carassius auratus) showing its impacted intestine exteriorized from the coelom and placed on wet gauze.
Source: Photo courtesy: Zoological Medicine Service, Université de Montréal.
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Endoscopy has been described in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Boone et al. 2008), trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Moccia et al. 1984), wolf fish (Hoplias aimara) (Weber 2011b), eel (Anguilla Anguilla) (Macri et al. 2014), and sturgeon (Hernandez‐Divers et al. 2004; Divers et al. 2013; Falahatkar and Poursaeid 2014) among others, to determine sex, evaluate coelomic organs, remove ingested foreign bodies, and obtain biopsies (Boone et al. 2008; Stetter 2010; Divers et al. 2013). Celioscopy may be performed with the endoscope inserted directly into the coelomic cavity or within the swim bladder (Stetter 2010; Stevens et al. 2019). Deflation of the swim bladder may facilitate coelomic organ visualization depending on the species and procedure performed (Hernandez‐Divers et al. 2004). Celioscopy has been used to perform minimally invasive surgical procedures in fish, such as gastrointestinal foreign body removal, organ biopsy, (Stetter 2010; Weber 2011b), and gonadectomy (Hernandez‐Divers et al. 2004).
Telemetry and Microchip Implantation
Sonic or radio transmitters weighing less than 2% of the fish body weight may be implanted in free‐ranging fish and because of the absence of antenna, a small celiotomy is used (Harms and Wildgoose 2001). More recently, injectable sonic transmitters that do not require surgical implantation have become available (Deng et al. 2015). Radiotelemetry transmitters are implanted with a similar technique as in other vertebrates (Wargo Rub et al. 2014). The antenna should exit through another incision rather than the incision used for insertion. It can be threaded through a cannula placed through the lateral body wall. To position the transmitter away from the surgical incision and avoid pressure on the coelomic organs, suture the transmitter to the pectoral girdle (Snelderwaard et al. 2006).
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