CONTENTS
1 Cover
8 1 Media Freedom: Unresolved Tensions Introduction: Media Freedom and Global Governance Why Protect Media Freedom? Is Media Freedom Absolute? What Are Media? Freedom From or Freedom To? Freedom from the State or from Private Actors? ‘Noise Reduction’ or Censorship? Is Self-Regulation Voluntary? Information Sovereignty versus ‘Regardless of Frontiers’? How to Regulate Media Power? Institution Building or a Slippery Slope? Tech Giants or Free Media? Global Standards or American Exceptionalism? Media Policy Stasis: Why Theoretical Confusion Matters Dynamics of Change The Approach of This Book Notes
9 2 Constructing Press Freedom Theory and the ‘Fourth Estate’ The Captive Press Press Freedom and the American Revolution Constitutionalizing Press Freedom Institutionalization: From Licensing to Liability and Social Responsibility Distribution, Copyright and ‘Taxes on Knowledge’ International Human Rights and American Exceptionalism The Impact of Article 10 ECHR on Journalistic Privilege in Europe Press Freedom, ‘Journalism Privilege’ and the Post-War Compact Political Economy: Monopoly, Tax, Distribution An Audit of Press Privilege Press Freedom: Conditional on Duties? Conclusions. Press Freedom and the Fourth Estate: Thousands of Choices Notes
10 3 Broadcasting Freedom Introduction: The Socio-Legal Construction of Broadcasting A Spectrum of Approaches Towards a Broadcasting Market: The Coase Challenge The ‘Spectrum for Service’ Compact Fundamental Rights and Broadcasting The Rise and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting What is Broadcasting Freedom? Conclusions Notes
11 4 ‘Internet Freedom’ Introduction: What Is the Internet? The Internet as a Layer Cake Making the Internet: Access, Interconnection, Net Neutrality and the Data Economy Absolute Freedom on the Net: A Very Brief History The First Settlement for Internet Content and Liability The Clinton Paradox: Internet Freedom as a Policy Objective Eight Ways to Censor the Net The Emergence of Pseudo-Media on the Internet: The Search for an Analogy Building Responsibility, or Censorship by the Blob? Conclusions Notes
12 5 A Theory of Media Freedom Introduction: A Positive and Negative Approach Who Should Be Free? Defining the Media Free From Whom? Freedom To Do What? Outline of the Theory: Reconciling Negative and Positive Approaches to Press, Broadcasting and the Early Internet Conclusion Notes