Table of Contents
1 Cover
6 Preface
7 Part I: The Polar Cap and Auroral Ionosphere 1 Magnetospheric Energy Input to the Ionosphere 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 ENERGY ENTERING THE IONOSPHERE‐THERMOSPHERE (IT) SYSTEM 1.3 GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS (GCMS) OF MIT COUPLING 1.4 MODEL ASSESSMENT 1.5 JOULE HEATING 1.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 1.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 2 High Latitude Ionospheric Convection 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 THE MAGNETOSPHERE‐IONOSPHERE SYSTEM 2.3 STEADY‐STATE MAGNETOSPHERIC/IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION 2.4 TIME‐DEPENDENT CONVECTION 2.5 FURTHER READING ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 3 Multiscale Dynamics in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 CUSP 3.3 POLAR CAP 3.4 NIGHTSIDE AURORAL OVAL 3.5 CROSS‐REGIONAL AND GLOBAL INTERACTION PROCESSES 3.6 SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 4 Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO POLAR CAP DENSITY STRUCTURES 4.2 STATISTICAL OCCURRENCE RATE OF POLAR CAP PATCHES 4.3 PLASMA CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THE POLAR CAP PATCHES 4.4 DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF POLAR CAP PATCHES 4.5 ION UPFLOW ASSOCIATED WITH POLAR CAP HIGH‐DENSITY STRUCTURES 4.6 OPTICAL EMISSION MECHANISMS AND VARIABILITY OF POLAR CAP PATCHES 4.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 5 Polar Cap O+ Ion Outflow and Its Impact on Magnetospheric Dynamics 5.1 POLAR CAP ION OUTFLOW 5.2 IMPACTS OF ION OUTFLOW ON MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS 5.3 OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS REFERENCES
8
Part II: The Subauroral and Midlatitude Ionosphere
6 Ionospheric Storm‐Enhanced Density Plumes
6.1 REVIEW OF IONOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS OF STORM‐ENHANCED DENSITY
6.2 SED CHARACTERISTICS
6.3 SED FORMATION PROCESSES
6.4 SED PLASMA IN THE CUSP AND MAGNETOSPHERE
6.5 SUMMARY AND CURRENT STATUS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
7 Ion Outflow and Lobe Density: Interhemispheric Asymmetries
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 ESTIMATING PLASMA DENSITY FROM SPACECRAFT POTENTIAL
7.3 OBSERVATIONS AND DATA SET CHARACTERISTICS
7.4 NORTH‐SOUTH ASYMMETRIES
7.5 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
8 Mesoscale and Small‐Scale Structure of the Subauroral Geospace
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 TURBULENT PLASMASPHERE BOUNDARY LAYER
8.3 IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURES
8.4 DISCUSSION
8.5