The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways:

       navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2004)

      Pipelines:

       gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,120 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Douala, Limboh Terminal

      Merchant marine:

       total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 169,593 GRT/357,023 DWT

       by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2005)

      Airports:

       47 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)

      Military Cameroon

      Military branches:

       Cameroon Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air

       Force

      Military service age and obligation:

       18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription

       (1999)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 18–49: 3,410,440 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 18–49: 1,720,385 (2005 est.)

      Manpower reaching military service age annually:

       males: 188,662 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $221.1 million (2004)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       1.6% (2004)

      Transnational Issues Cameroon

      Disputes - international:

       ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime

       boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission, which

       continues to meet regularly to resolve differences bilaterally and

       have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the

       boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; implementation of the

       ICJ ruling on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime

       boundary in the Gulf of Guinea is impeded by imprecisely defined

       coordinates, the unresolved Bakassi allocation, and a sovereignty

       dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the

       mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the

       Bakasi Peninsula, then agreed, but has yet to withdraw its forces

       while much of the indigenous population opposes cession; only

       Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's

       admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes

       Chad and Niger

      Refugees and internally displaced persons:

       refugees (country of origin): 39,261 (Chad) 16,983 (Nigeria) 9,634

       (Cote d'Ivoire) (2004)

      This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Canada

      Introduction Canada

      Background:

       A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became

       a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the

       British crown. Economically and technologically the nation has

       developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across

       an unfortified border. Canada's paramount political problem is

       meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care and

       education services after a decade of budget cuts. The issue of

       reconciling Quebec's francophone heritage with the majority

       anglophone Canadian population has moved to the back burner in

       recent years; support for separatism abated after the Quebec

       government's referendum on independence failed to pass in October of

       1995.

      Geography Canada

      Location:

       Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the

       east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the

       north, north of the conterminous US

      Geographic coordinates:

       60 00 N, 95 00 W

      Map references:

       North America

      Area:

       total: 9,984,670 sq km

       land: 9,093,507 sq km

       water: 891,163 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       somewhat larger than the US

      Land boundaries: total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

      Coastline: 202,080 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

      Climate:

       varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

      Terrain:

       mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m

      Natural resources:

       iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash,

       diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural

       gas, hydropower

      Land use:

       arable land: 4.96%

       permanent crops: 0.02%

       other: 95.02% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       7,200 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to

       development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a

       result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and

       North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and

       snow east of the mountains

      Environment - current issues:

       air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and

       damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and

       vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity;

       ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial,