Finding Jesus in the Storm. John Swinton

23, 2013, https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/does-psychiatry-need-science#.

35. My point here relates to biological explanations for all mental health challenges. It is not that there is no evidence for some. It is the assumption that all problems are based in biology that is problematic.

36. Sarah Kamens, “Dr. Insel, or: How Psychiatry Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Biomarker; A Response to RDoC” (unpublished conference paper, May 2013).

37. Alan Garfinkel, Forms of Explanation: Rethinking the Questions in Social Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981), 14.

38. Garfinkel, Forms of Explanation, 12.

39. E. Fuller Torrey, Surviving Schizophrenia: A Family Manual, 6th ed. (San Francisco: Harper, 2013).

40. Richard P. Bentall, Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature (London: Penguin Books, 2004).

41. Denise Sommerfeld, “The Origins of Mother Blaming: Historical Perspectives on Childhood and Motherhood,” Infant Mental Health Journal 10, no. 1 (Spring 1989): 14–24.

42. For a further development of this point and on the history of family blaming, see chap. 5 in Anne Harrington, Mind Fixers: Psychiatry’s Troubled Search for the Biology of Mental Illness (New York: Norton, 2019).

43. A. Malla, R. Joober, and A. Garcia, “ ‘Mental Illness Is like Any Other Medical Illness’: A Critical Examination of the Statement and Its Impact on Patient Care and Society,” Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 40, no. 3 (2015): 147–50. See also S. Peerforck, G. Schomerus, and S. Pruess, “Different Biogenetic Causal Explanations and Attitudes towards Persons with Major Depression, Schizophrenia and Alcohol Dependence: Is the Concept of a Chemical Imbalance Beneficial?,” Journal of Affective Disorders 168 (2014): 224–28; J. Read, N. Haslam, and N. L. Sayce, “Prejudice and Schizophrenia: A Review of the ‘Mental Illness Is an Illness like Any Other’ Approach,” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 114 (2006): 303–18; and N. Rüsch, A. R. Todd, and G. V. Bodenhausen, “Biogenetic Models of Psychopathology, Implicit Guilt, and Mental Illness Stigma,” Psychiatry Research 179 (2010): 328–32.

44. John Modrow, How to Become a Schizophrenic: The Case against Biological Psychiatry (Everett, WA: Apollyon, 1992), 147.

45. Sally Clay, “The Wounded Prophet” (unpublished paper presented at the First National Forum on Recovery from Mental Illness, National Institute of Mental Health and Ohio Department of Mental Health, April 1994).

46. John Swinton, Spirituality and Mental Health Care: Rediscovering a “Forgotten” Dimension (London: Jessica Kingsley, 2001).

47. On depression, S. Vasegh et al., “Religious and Spiritual Factors in Depression,” Depression Research and Treatment, 2012; on anxiety, L. M. Steiner et al., “Spiritual Factors Predict State and Trait Anxiety,” Journal of Religion and Health 56, no. 6 (2017): 1937–55; on PTSD, J. M. Currier, J. M. Holland, and K. D. Drescher, “Spirituality Factors in the Prediction of Outcomes of PTSD Treatment for US Military Veterans,” Journal of Traumatic Stress 28, no. 1 (2015): 57–64; on schizophrenia, S. Grover, T. Davuluri, and S. Chakrabarti, “Religion, Spirituality, and Schizophrenia: A Review,” Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 36, no. 2 (2014): 119–24; on anorexia, Patricia Marsden, Efthalia Karagianni, and John F. Morgan, “Spirituality and Clinical Care in Eating Disorders: A Qualitative Study,” International Journal of Eating Disorders 1, no. 1 (2006): 7–12; on personality disorder, K. Bennett, K. J. Shepherd, and A. Janca, “Personality Disorders and Spirituality,” Current Opinion in Psychiatry 26, no. 1 (2013): 79–83.

48. Christina Puchalski, “Integrating Spirituality into Patient Care: An Essential Element of Person-Centered Care,” Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej 123 (2013): 491–97.

49. Pamela Reed, “An Emerging Paradigm for the Investigation of Spirituality in Nursing,” Research in Nursing and Health 15 (1992): 349–57.

50. David Hay, with Rebecca Nye, The Spirit of the Child (London: HarperCollins, 1998).

51. NHS, Education for Scotland, Spiritual Care Matters: An Introductory Resource for All NHS Scotland Staff (Edinburgh: Scottish Government, 2009).

52. For a useful review of this literature, see Deborah Cornah, The Impact of Spirituality on Mental Health: A Review of the Literature (London: Mental Health Foundation, 2006).