Hybrid. Ruth Colker

bipolar model now seems to have shifted to “heterosexuals” and “others,” with “others” including a much broader category for exclusion than in the past.

      In sum, the military has had a tortured history of trying to decide whom exactly to exclude from service based on homosexuality. It started with a pure identity definition, moved to a pure conduct definition, and now has a broad definition that includes both conduct and identity. To the military’s credit, one might say that its current definition best achieves its apparent purpose of excluding as many gay, lesbian, and bisexual people from military service as possible. In terms of human rights, however, the current definition is extremely troubling because of the ways it forces gay, lesbian, and bisexual people to curtail same-sex sexual conduct as well as open same-sex sexual identity in order to serve in the military.