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FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
Clinical and Forensic
Second Edition
Robert J. Flanagan
King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustUK
Eva Cuypers
Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging InstituteMastricht UniversityThe Netherlands
Hans H. Maurer
Department of Experimental and Clinical ToxicologySaarland UniversityGermany
Robin Whelpton
Formerly School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonUK
This edition first published 2020
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Edition History
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (1e, 2007)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Flanagan, Robert J., author.
Title: Fundamentals of analytical toxicology : clinical and forensic / Robert J. Flanagan, King's College Hospital NHS Found Trust, UK, Eva Cuypers, Mastricht University, The Netherlands, Hans H. Maurer, Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Saarland University, Germany, Robin Whelpton, Formerly School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020007512 (print) | LCCN 2020007513 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119122340 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119122364 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119122371 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Analytical toxicology.
Classification: LCC RA1221 .F86 2020 (print) | LCC RA1221 (ebook) | DDC 615.9/07–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020007512
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020007513
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © Xuanyu Han/Getty Images, © Alexander Limbach/Shutterstock
Preface
The analytical toxicologist may be required to detect, identify, and in many cases measure a wide variety of compounds in samples from almost any component of the body or in related materials such as residues in syringes or in soil. Many difficulties may be encountered. The analytes may include gases such as carbon monoxide, drugs, solvents, pesticides, metal salts, and naturally-occurring toxins. Some poisons may be individual chemicals and others complex mixtures. New drugs, pesticides, and other substances continually present novel challenges in analysis and in the interpretation of the results of the analysis. The analyte might be an endogenous compound such as acetone, or an exogenous compound such as a drug and/or metabolite(s) of the drug, whilst the sample matrix may range from urine to bone.
Many biological samples contain muscle, connective tissue, and so forth, which may have to be separated or degraded prior to an analysis, as well as a multitude of small and large molecular weight compounds. The concentration of the analyte to be measured can range from g L–1 (parts per thousand) in the case of blood ethanol to μg L–1