NOUNS
Although it is seldom possible to predict with certainty whether a given Spanish noun is of masculine or feminine gender, Spanish has numerous guidelines that can usually be followed. The most well-known rule or guideline is that nouns ending in -o are masculine and those ending in -a are feminine, but there are numerous exceptions to this gender rule, especially for those ending in -a. Many of them are listed below.
Nouns ending in certain suffixes are usually feminine. They include-ción (usually the equivalent of “-tion”), -sión, -ia (usually the equivalent of “-y,” although not in the diminutive sense), -za, -dad (often used like “-ty”) and -itis (“-itis”).
la nación (nation)
la intervención (intervention)
la hospitalización (hospitalization)
la ocasión (occasion)
la tensión (tension)
Nouns with certain endings are usually masculine. These include -aje (usually the equivalent of “-age”), -ambre and -or. An exception is la flor (flower).
el corage (courage)
el mensaje (message)
el espionaje (espionage)
el hambre (hunger)
el calambre (cramp)
el calor (heat)
el dolor (pain)
el interior (interior)
la economía (economy)
la taxonomía (taxonomy)
la probreza (poverty)
la felicidad (happiness)
la caridad (charity)
la mastitis (mastitis)
la meningitis (meningitis)
Nouns of Greek origin ending in -a are usually masculine.
el problema (problem)
el drama (drama)
el poema (poem)
el tema (subject)
Nouns ending in an accented vowel are usually masculine.
el sofá (sofa)
el tabú (taboo)
el rubí (ruby)
Infinitives used as nouns are masculine.
el fumar (smoking)
el cantar (singing)
el viajar (traveling)
Months and days of the week are masculine.
el enero (January) el martes (Tuesday)
Letters are feminine while numbers are masculine.
la d (d) el 7 (seven)
VERBS
Ser & Estar (To Be)
Ser is used with:
Elements pertinent to your or others’ identity:
physical description, personality and character, nationality, race, gender, profession, origin, What things are made of
Things which “Take Place” or “Occur” in Time:
Dates, days, seasons, time, events, concerts, parties, Possession
Estar is used for States of Being
Emotional, physical & mental states of (our bodies’) being:
Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.
Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».
Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.
Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.