Table of Contents
1 COVER
7 FOREWORD
8 PREFACE
11 1 IMPACTS OF HIGH PENETRATION OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS AND SMART INVERTERDEVELOPMENTS 1.1 Concepts of Reactive and Active Power Control 1.2 Challenges of High Penetration of Solar PV Systems 1.3 Development of Smart Inverters 1.4 Conclusions References
12 2 SMART INVERTER FUNCTIONS 2.1 Capability Characteristics of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) 2.2 General Considerations in Implementation of Smart Inverter Functions 2.3 Smart Inverter Functions for Reactive Power and Voltage Control 2.4 Smart Inverter Function for Voltage and Active Power Control 2.5 Low/High Voltage Ride‐Through (L/H VRT) Function 2.6 Frequency–Watt Function 2.7 Low/High Frequency Ride‐Through (L/H FRT) Function 2.8 Ramp Rate 2.9 Fast Frequency Response 2.10 Smart Inverter Functions Related to DERs Based on Energy Storage Systems 2.11 Limit Maximum Active Power Function 2.12 Set Active Power Mode 2.13 Active Power Smoothing Mode 2.14 Active Power Following Function 2.15 Prioritization of Different Functions 2.16 Emerging Functions 2.17 Summary References
13 3 MODELING AND CONTROL OF THREE‐PHASE SMART PV INVERTERS 3.1 Power Flow from a Smart Inverter System 3.2 Smart PV Inverter System 3.3 Power Circuit Constituents of Smart Inverter System 3.4 Control Circuit Constituents of Smart Inverter System 3.5 Smart Inverter Voltage Controllers 3.6 PV Plant Control 3.7 Modeling Guidelines 3.8 Summary References
14 4 PV‐STATCOM: A NEW SMART PV INVERTER AND A NEW FACTS CONTRO 4.1 Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) 4.2 Static Var Compensator (SVC) 4.3 Synchronous Condenser 4.4 Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) 4.5 Control Modes of SVC and STATCOM 4.6 Photovoltaic‐Static Synchronous Compensator (PV‐STATCOM) 4.7 Operating Modes of PV‐STATCOM 4.8 Functions of PV‐STATCOM 4.9 Cost of Transforming an Existing Solar PV System into PV‐STATCOM 4.10 Cost of Operating a PV‐STATCOM 4.11 Summary References
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5 PV‐STATCOM APPLICATIONS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
5.1 Nighttime Application of PV Solar Farm as STATCOM to Regulate Grid Voltage
5.2 Increasing Wind Farm Connectivity with PV‐STATCOM
5.3 Dynamic Voltage Control by PV‐STATCOM
5.4 Enhancement of Solar Farm Connectivity by PV‐STATCOM
5.5 Reduction of Line Losses by PV‐STATCOM
5.6 Stabilization of a Remotely Located Critical Motor by PV‐STATCOM
5.7