UPENDING THE IVORY TOWER
Upending the Ivory Tower
Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Ivy League
Stefan M. Bradley
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York
© 2018 by New York University
All rights reserved
References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.
An earlier and partial version of chapter 2 was previously published as “The Southern-Most Ivy: Princeton University from Jim Crow Admission to Anti-Apartheid Protests, 1764–1969,” in American Studies 51, no. 3/4 (2010): 109–130; reprinted by permission.
An earlier and partial version of chapter 4 was published as “Black Power and the Big Green: Dartmouth College and the Black Freedom Movement in the Postwar Era,” in Journal of Civil and Human Rights 1, no. 1 (2015): 25–55; reprinted by permission.
ISBN: 978-1-4798-7399-9 (hardback)
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CONTENTS
Gerald Horne
1. Surviving Solitude: The Travails of Ivy Desegregators
2. Unsettling Ol’ Nassau: Princeton University from Jim Crow Admissions to Anti-Apartheid Protests
3. Bourgeois Black Activism: Brown University and Black Freedom
4. Black Power and the Big Green: Dartmouth College and the Challenges of Isolation
5. Space Invader: Columbia Enters Harlem World
6. There Goes the Neighborhood: Penn’s Postwar Expansion Project
7. Blue Bulldogs and Black Panthers: Yale, New Haven, and Black Imaginings
8. Black Studies the Hard Way: Fair Harvard Makes Curricular Changes
9. Africana Ambitions: The Defense of Blackness at Cornell University
Conclusion: Welcome to the Class
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AAAAS: Association of African and Afro-American Students
AAS: Afro-American Society
ABC: Association of Black Collegians
Afro: Association of African and Afro-American Students
APBA: Association of Black Princeton Alumni
ASRC: Africana Studies and Research Center
AWC: Area-Wide Council
BGLO: Black Greek-Letter Organization
BOSS: Barnard Organization of Soul Sisters
BSAY: Black Student Alliance of Yale
CCC: Columbia Citizenship Council
CEO: Committee on Equal Opportunity
CIC: Community Involvement Council
CORE: Congress of Racial Equality
COSEP: Committee on Special Education Projects
FIGHT: Freedom Integration God Honor Today
HBCU(s): Historically Black Colleges and Universities
HRAAAAS: Harvard and Radcliffe Association of African and Afro-American Students
IDA: Institute for Defense Analyses
KKK: Ku Klux Klan
MCP: Mantua Community Planners
MHI: Morningside Heights, Inc.
NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NSSFNS: National Scholarship and Service Fund for Negro Students
OBU: Organization of Black Unity
OIC: Opportunities Industrialization Center
OPHR: Olympic Project for Human Rights
PIDC: Philadelphia Industrial Development Center
PSCP: Princeton Summer Cooperative Program
PWI: Predominantly White Institution
RAM: Revolutionary Action Movement
ROTC: Reserve Officers Training Corps
SAS: Students’ Afro-American Society (Columbia University)
SAAS: Students’ Afro-American Society (University of Pennsylvania)
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
SDS: Students for a Democratic Society
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
SROs: Single Room Occupancy units
TSP: