PACIFIC SEAWEEDS
PACIFIC SEAWEEDS
A Guide to Common Seaweeds of the West Coast
Updated and Expanded Edition
Louis D. Druehl and Bridgette E. Clarkston
Copyright © 2016 Louis D. Druehl and Bridgette E. Clarkston
First edition copyright © 2000, Louis D. Druehl
Second edition copyright © 2016, Louis D. Druehl & Bridgette E. Clarkston
1 2 3 4 5 6 — 20 19 18 17 16
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission of the publisher or, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright, www.accesscopyright.ca, 1-800-893-5777, [email protected].
Harbour Publishing
P.O. Box 219, Madeira Park, BC Canada V0N 2H0
Edited by Shirarose Wilensky
Copy edited by Daniela Hajdukovic
Indexed by Kyla Shauer
Cover, page design and layout by Roger Handling
Printed in Canada
Harbour Publishing acknowledges the support of the Canada Council for the Arts, which last year invested $157 million to bring the arts to Canadians throughout the country. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund and from the Province of British Columbia through the BC Arts Council and the Book Publishing Tax Credit.
Photograph and illustration credits: AH: drawings from I.A. Abbott and G.J. Hollenberg, Marine Algae of California (1976); WRT: drawing adapted from W.R. Taylor, Marine Algae of the Northeastern Coast of North America (1962); RFSG: drawing from Robert F. Scagel, Marine Algae of British Columbia and Northern Washington, Part 1: Chlorophyceae (National Museum of Canada, 1966), Bulletin 207:1–257. All drawings not otherwise credited are by Ernani G. Menez, from Robert F. Scagel, Guide to Common Seaweeds of British Columbia (1967) and Marine Algae of British Columbia and Northern Washington (1966). Recipe photos by Christina Symons except page 295, which is by Anna Comfort O’Keeffe. All photographs not otherwise credited by Bridgette E. Clarkston.
Cataloguing data available from Library and Archives Canada
ISBN 978-1-55017-737-4 (paper)
ISBN 978-1-55017-738-1 (ebook)
For more information and online resources including selected annotated readings and a list of species with authorities, please visit the Harbour Publishing website.
Dedicated to Professor Robert Francis Scagel,
who made possible my life with kelp,
and to my students, who taught me so much.
—Louis Druehl
To my parents,
who moved us to the beach and let me run amok but never afoul,
and to Professor Gary Saunders,
who opened doors I didn’t know existed and kindly kicked me through them.
—Bridgette Clarkston
CONTENTS
Seaweed Morphology and Growth 14
Seaweeds and the Tree of Life 16
Biodiversity, the DNA Barcode and the Future of Taxonomy 26
Beach Etiquette, Collections, Safety 29
Identifying Pacific Seaweeds 33
Thumbnail Identification Guide 34
Shore Plants and Seagrasses 39
Conservation Biology of Seaweeds 255