CONTENTS
1 Cover
5 Foreword
7 1 The Inequality Delusion and Other Scapegoats for Populism What Makes a Good Theory for Populism? The Conventional Explanations for Populism Scapegoats and Deeper Causes for Populism
8 2 The Fairness Instinct Distributive Justice and Economic Fairness An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Fairness Evolutionary Evidence for Fairness The Eternal Threat of Unfairness
9 3 Economic Unfairness and the Rise of Populism The Empirics of Economic Unfairness and Populism The Evidence in Summary How Fairness was Forgotten
10 4 The Twin Virtues of Equal Opportunity and Fair Unequal Outcomes Substantive Equal Opportunity Formal Equal Opportunity Equal Opportunity with Respect to Unfair Events Rewarding Value Creation Disincentivizing Cheaters The Twin Virtues in Sum
11 5 Constraints and Solutions to Economic Fairness The United States: Constrained Opportunity The United Kingdom: Left-Behind Regions Italy: The Land of Too Many Antiquities France: Espoir et Erreur The Complexity of Economic Fairness
12 Conclusion: Scripting a Path Forward
13 References
14 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 USA – Gap in the share taking a conservative position by major party affiliationFigure 1.2 UK – UKIP and Brexit Party vote share in EU Parliament electionsFigure 1.3 France – National Front/Rally vote share in first round of presidential election…Figure 1.4 Percentage of imports from China by country, 1985–2017
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Average real GDP per capita growth rates, pre- and post-transition
3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Inputs to economic fairnessFigure 4.2 Share of population aged 24–44 with tertiary education whose highest parental ed…Figure 4.3 2018 PISA math score boost of one standard deviation increase in socioeconomic s…Figure 4.4 Rent as a share of disposable income, 2018 or latest yearFigure 4.5 Share of bottom income quintile spending 40% or more of disposable income on ren…Figure 4.6 Public and private health spending as % of GDP by country in 2018Figure 4.7 Life expectancy at birth by country, 2017Figure 4.8 Public unemployment spending as % of GDP, 2019 or latest yearFigure 4.9 Maximum months of unemployment insurance in 2018
4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Life expectancy at birth in 2018 vs. healthcare spending per capita in 2018 at c…Figure 5.2 Healthcare expenditure as a share of GDP in the US vs. interquartile range of OE…Figure 5.3 Net present purchasing power parity value of lifetime returns to tertiary educat…Figure 5.4 Direct cost of tertiary education by countryFigure 5.5 Change in employment share by skill category by economy, 2002–14Figure 5.6 Homes per 1,000 residents vs. percentage of vacant homes by countryFigure 5.7 New homes constructed per 1,000 residents in 2018 vs. percent of household incom…Figure 5.8 Log population vs. share of taxes revenues collected by central government in 20…Figure 5.9 Average government gross fixed capital investment as a percentage of GDP among G…Figure 5.10 Share of government investment conducted by central government in 2017 by countr…Figure 5.11 Average % of firms reporting issue as major constraint to investment among EU co…Figure 5.12 Share of firms reporting issue as top constraint in Cyprus, Czech Republic, Esto…Figure 5.13 Employment rate among working-age population by country, 2019Figure 5.14 Government spending as a share of GDP in 2018 vs. intergenerational income elast…Figure 5.15 Average % of firms reporting issue as major constraint to investment among EU co…Figure 5.16 2017 tax revenues as a percent of GDP by category among OECD members, France hig…
Guide
1 Cover