Table of Contents
1 Cover
4 Preface
6 1 Fundamentals of Supercritical and Subcritical Fluid Extraction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Supercritical Fluid Properties 1.3 Subcritical Condition 1.4 Physical Properties of Subcritical Fluid 1.5 Principles of Sub‐ and Supercritical Extraction Process 1.6 Applications of SCF Extraction 1.7 Solubility of Solutes in SCFs 1.8 Solute–Solvent Compatibility 1.9 Solubility and Selectivity of Low‐Volatility Organic Compounds in SCFs 1.10 Method of Solubility Measurement 1.11 Determination of Solvent 1.12 Important Parameter Affecting Supercritical Extraction Process 1.13 Profile of Extraction Curves 1.14 Design and Scale Up
7 2 Modeling and Optimization Concept 2.1 SFE Modeling 2.2 First Principle Modeling 2.3 Hybrid Modeling or Gray Box 2.4 ANN 2.5 Fuzzy Logic 2.6 Neuro Fuzzy 2.7 Optimization
8 3 Physical Properties of Palm Oil as Solute 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Palm Oil Fruit 3.3 Palm Oil Physical and Chemical Properties 3.4 Vegetable Oil Refining 3.5 Conventional Palm Oil Refining Process 3.6 Conclusions
9 4 First Principle Supercritical and Subcritical Fluid Extraction Modeling 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Phase Equilibrium Modeling 4.3 The Redlich–Kwong–Aspen Equation of State 4.4 Palm Oil System Characterization 4.5 Development of Aspen Plus® Physical Property Database for Palm Oil Components 4.6 Binary Interaction Parameters Calculations 4.7 Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process Development Part II: Results and Discussion 4.8 Palm Oil Component Physical Properties 4.9 Regression of Interaction Parameters for the Palm Oil Components‐Supercritical CO2 Binary System 4.10 Phase Equilibrium Calculation for the Palm Oil –Supercritical CO2 System 4.11 Ternary System: CO2 – Triglycerides – Free Fatty Acids 4.12 Distribution Coefficients of Palm Oil Components 4.13 Separation Factor Between Palm Oil Components 4.14 Base Case Process Simulation 4.15 Conclusion
10 5 Application of Other Supercritical and Subcritical Modeling Techniques 5.1 Mass Transfer, Correlation, ANN, and Neuro Fuzzy Modeling of Sub‐ and Supercritical Fluid Extraction Processes 5.2 Mass Transfer Model 5.3 ANN Modeling 5.4 Neuro Fuzzy Modeling 5.5 ANFIS and Gray‐box Modeling of Anise Seeds 5.6 White Box SFE Modeling of Anise 5.7 Results and Discussion 5.8 Introduction – Statistical versus ANN Modeling 5.9 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Q. infectoria Oil 5.10 Subcritical Ethanol Extraction of Java Tea Oil 5.11 SFE of Oil from Passion Fruit Seed
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6 Experimental Design Concept and Notes on Sample Preparation and SFE Experiments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experimental Design
6.3 Statistical Optimization
6.4 Optimization of Palm Oil Subcritical R134a Extraction
6.5